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بایگانی‌های Techne (Philosophy) - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Two Views of Virtue: Absolute Relativism and Relative Absolutism (Contributions in Philosophy)

by F.F. Centore

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Subject: Ethical Absolutism, Ethical Relativism, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Religious Ethics,

Centore’s work is an inquiry into the weaknesses and strengths of the two basic positions in ethics: the man-centered model and the God-centered model for deciding between right and wrong behavior. The philosophical paradigm for the man-centered approach is absolute relativism, while the paradigm for the God-centered approach is relative absolutism. Centore argues that the man-centered model in actual practice proves not to be realistic as an ethical guide, while the God-centered model, if properly understood, is the most useful approach. This work penetrates difficult ethical issues by examining human experience and reasoning in conjunction with actual choices of action. Although the God-centered approach is shown to be the most practical, Centore argues for a natural moral law that avoids any specific theology. Each chapter discusses the historical and theoretical background of the approaches and two possible compromises. The work is enlivened with examples of possible contexts in which moral decisions must take place. Various ethical dilemmas are presented with an examination of the potential consequences of applying either the atheistic or the theistic ethical approach. Centore’s argument is complex, but he explains the elements clearly and his conclusion is strengthened by real-life cases and an extensive Bibliography.

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Business and accounting ethics in Islam

by Trevor Gambling

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Subject: Accountants - Professional Ethics - Islamic Countries, Accounting - Islamic Countries, Business Ethics - Islamic Countries, Economics - Religious Aspects,

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delete

by Viktor Mayer-Schonberger

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Subject: Computer Storage Devices, Internet - Social Aspects, Memory, Persistence,

Deletelooks at the surprising phenomenon of perfect remembering in the digital age, and reveals why we must reintroduce our capacity to forget. Digital technology empowers us as never before, yet it has unforeseen consequences as well. Potentially humiliating content on Facebook is enshrined in cyberspace for future employers to see. Google remembers everything we’ve searched for and when. The digital realm remembers what is sometimes better forgotten, and this has profound implications for us all.InDelete, Viktor Mayer-Schouml;nberger traces the important role that forgetting has played throughout human history, from the ability to make sound decisions unencumbered by the past to the possibility of second chances. The written word made it possible for humans to remember across generations and time, yet now digital technology and global networks are overriding our natural ability to forget–the past is ever present, ready to be called up at the click of a mouse. Mayer-Schouml;nberger examines the technology that’s facilitating the end of forgetting–digitization, cheap storage and easy retrieval, global access, and increasingly powerful software–and describes the dangers of everlasting digital memory, whether it’s outdated information taken out of context or compromising photos the Web won’t let us forget. He explains why information privacy rights and other fixes can’t help us, and proposes an ingeniously simple solution–expiration dates on information–that may.Deleteis an eye-opening book that will help us remember how to forget in the digital age.

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Rationality And Logic

by Robert Hanna

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Subject: Logic, Psychologism, Reasoning (Psychology),

In Rationality and Logic, Robert Hanna argues that logic is intrinsically psychological and that human psychology is intrinsically logical. He claims that logic is cognitively constructed by rational animals (including humans) and that rational animals are essentially logical animals. In order to do so, he defends the broadly Kantian thesis that all (and only) rational animals possess an innate cognitive “logic faculty.” Hanna’s claims challenge the conventional philosophical wisdom that sees logic as a fully formal or “topic-neutral” science irreconcilably separate from the species- or individual-specific focus of empirical psychology. Logic and psychology went their separate ways after attacks by Frege and Husserl on logical psychologism—the explanatory reduction of logic to empirical psychology. Hanna argues, however, that—despite the fact that logical psychologism is false—there is an essential link between logic and psychology. Rational human animals constitute the basic class of cognizers or thinkers studied by cognitive psychology; given the connection between rationality and logic that Hanna claims, it follows that the nature of logic is significantly revealed to us by cognitive psychology. Hanna’s proposed “logical cognitivism” has two important consequences: the recognition by logically oriented philosophers that psychologists are their colleagues in the metadiscipline of cognitive science; and radical changes in cognitive science itself. Cognitive science, Hanna argues, is not at bottom a natural science; it is both an objective or truth-oriented science and a normative human science, as is logic itself.

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