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A disquieting suggestion — The nature of moral disagreement today and the claims of emotivism — Emotivism: social content and social context — The predecessor culture and the enlightenment project of justifying morality — Why the enlightenment project of justifying morality had to fail — Some consequences of the failure of the enlightenment project — “Fact”, explanation and expertise — The character of generalizations in social science and their lack of predictive power — Nietzsche or Aristotle? — The virtues in heroic societies — The virtues at Athens — Aristotle’s account of the virtues — Medieval aspects and occasions — The nature of the virtues — The virtues, the unity of a human life and the concept of a tradition — From the virtues to virtue and after virtue — Justice as a virtue: changing conceptions — After virtue: Nietzsche or Aristotle, Trotsky and St. Benedict — Postscript to the second edition.
In this important survey, an international group of leading philosophers chart the development of philosophy of education in the twentieth century and point to signficant questions for its future. Presents a definitive introduction to the core areas of philosophy of education. Contains 20 newly-commissioned articles, all of which are written by internationally distinguished scholars. Each chapter reviews a problem, examines the current state of the discipline with respect to the topic, and discusses possible futures of the field. Provides a solid foundation for further study.
In this book Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski gives an extended argument that the self-reflective person is committed to belief on authority. Epistemic authority is compatible with autonomy, but epistemic self-reliance is incoherent. She argues that epistemic and emotional self-trust are rational and inescapable, that consistent self-trust commits us to trust in others, and that among those we are committed to trusting are some whom we ought to treat as epistemic authorities, modeled on the well-known principles of authority of Joseph Raz. Some of these authorities can be in the moral and religious domains. Why have people for thousands of years accepted epistemic authority in religious communities? A religious community’s justification for authority is typically based on beliefs unique to that community. Unfortunately, that often means that from the community’s perspective, its justifying claims are insulated from the outside; whereas from an outside perspective, epistemic authority in the community appears unjustified. But as Zagzebski’s argument shows, an individual’s acceptance of authority in her community can be justified by principles that outsiders accept, and the particular beliefs justified by that authority are not immune to external critiques. Why have people for thousands of years accepted epistemic authority in religious communities? A religious community’s justification for authority is typically based on beliefs unique to that community. Unfortunately, that often means that from the community’s perspective, its justifying claims are insulated from the outside; whereas from an outside perspective, epistemic authority in the community appears unjustified. But as Zagzebski’s argument shows, an individual’s acceptance of authority in her community can be justified by principles that outsiders accept, and the particular beliefs justified by that authority are not immune to external critiques.
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