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بایگانی‌های RC521 .B48 2010 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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The Philosophy of William James

by William James

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Subject: Philosophy, Pragmatism,

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Epistemology

by Robert Audi

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Subject: Knowledge, Theory Of, Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Mind & Body,

Epistemology, or “the theory of knowledge,” is concerned with how we know what we know, what justifies us in believing what we believe, and what standards of evidence we should use in seeking truths about the world and human experience. This comprehensive introduction to the field of epistemology explains the concepts and theories central to understanding knowledge. Along with covering the traditional topics of the discipline in detail, Epistemology explores emerging areas of research. The third edition features new sections on such topics as the nature of intuition, the skeptical challenge of rational disagreement, and “the value problem” – the range of questions concerning why knowledge and justified true belief have value beyond that of merely true belief. Updated and expanded, Epistemology remains a superb introduction to one of the most fundamental fields of philosophy. Special features of the third edition of Epistemology include: * a comprehensive survey of basic concepts, major theories, and emerging research in the field* enhanced treatment of key topics such as contextualism, perception (including perceptual content), scientific hypotheses, self-evidence and the a priori, testimony, understanding, and virtue epistemology* expanded discussion of the relation between epistemology and related fields, especially philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and ethics * increased clarity and ease of understanding for an undergraduate audience* an updated list of key literature and annotated bibliography.

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Objectivity in Law and Morals

by Brian Leiter

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Subject: Law, Law - Philosophy, Law And Ethics,

“The seven original essays, written by some of the world’s most distinguished moral and legal philosophers, bring a sophisticated philosophical perspective to bear on issues about the objectivity of legal interpretation and judicial decision making. They examine the intersection between objectivity in ethics and objectivity in law in the positivist and natural law traditions, and they develop a variety of approaches, constructive and critical, to the fundamental problems about the objectivity of morality. One of the key issues explored is that of the alleged “domain-specificity” of conceptions of objectivity, that is, whether there is a conception of objectivity, appropriate for ethics that is different in kind from the conception of objectivity appropriate for the sciences and other domains.”–BOOK JACKET.

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Reasons from Within

by Alan Goldman

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Subject: Desire, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Movements / Humanism, Psychology / Emotions,

Do the reasons we have for acting as we do derive from our concerns and desires, or are there objective values in the world that we are rationally required to pursue and protect? Alan Goldman argues for the internalist or subjectivist view of practical reasons on the grounds that it is simpler, more unified, and more comprehensible than the rival objectivist position. He provides a naturalistic account of practical rationality in terms of coherence within sets of desires or motivational states, and between motivations, intentions, and actions. Coherence is defined as the avoidance of self-defeat, the defeat of one’s own deepest concerns. The demand for coherence underlies both practical and theoretical reason and derives from the natural aims of belief and action. In clarifying which desires create reasons, drawing on the literature of cognitive psychology, Goldman offers conceptual analyses of desires, emotions, and attitudes. Reasons are seen to derive ultimately from our deepest occurrent concerns. These concerns require no reasons themselves but provide reasons for many more superficial desires. In defense of this theory, Goldman argues that rational agents need not be morally motivated or concerned for their narrow self-interest. Objective values would demand such concern. They would be independent of our desires but would provide reasons for us to pursue and protect them. They would require rational agents to be motivated by them. But, Goldman argues, we are not motivated in that way, and it makes no sense to demand that our informed and coherent desires be generally other than they are. We need not appeal to such objective values in order to explain how our lives can be good and meaningful. Reasons from Within will appeal to anyone interested in the nature of values and reasons, particularly students of philosophy, psychology, and decision theory.

محبوب ترین موضوعات

نتایج برای : RC521 .B48 2010
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