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بایگانی‌های 9780230007093 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Medicine, money, and morals

by Marc A. Rodwin

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Subject: Conflict Of Interests, Medical Care, Medical Care, Cost Of, Medical Ethics,

Marc A. Rodwin draws on his own experience as a health lawyer–and his research in health ethics, law, and policy–to reveal how financial conflicts of interest can and do negatively affect the quality of patient care. He shows that the problem has become worse over the last century and provides many actual examples of how doctors’ decisions are influenced by financial considerations. We learn how two California physicians, for example, resumed referrals to Pasadena General Hospital only after the hospital started paying $70 per patient (their referrals grew from 14 in one month to 82 in the next). As Rodwin writes, incentives such as this can inhibit a doctor from taking action when a hospital fails to provide proper service, and may also lead to the unnecessary hospitalization of patients. We also learn of a Wyeth-Ayerst Labs promotion in which physicians who started patients on INDERAL (a drug for high blood pressure, angina, and migraines) received 1000 mileage points on American Airlines for each patient (studies show that promotions such as this have a direct effect on a doctor’s choice of drug). Rodwin reveals why the medical community has failed to regulate conflicts of interest: peer review has little authority, state licensing boards are usually ignorant of abuses, and the AMA code of ethics has historically been recommended rather than required. He examines what can be learned from the way society has coped with the conflicts of interest of other professionals –lawyers, government officials, and businessmen–all of which are held to higher standards of accountability than doctors. And he recommends that efforts be made to prohibit and regulate certain kinds of activity (such as kickbacks and self-referrals), to monitor and regulate conduct, and to provide penalties for improper conduct. Our failure to face physicians’ conflicts of interest has distorted the way medicine is practiced, compromised the loyalty of doctors to patients, and harmed society, the integrity of the medical profession, and patients. For those concerned with the quality of health care or medical ethics, Medicine, Money and Morals is a provocative look into the current health care crisis and a powerful prescription for change.

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Ethics and Qualities of Life

by Joel J. Kupperman

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Subject: Ethics, Life, Quality Of Life,

Ethics and Qualities of Life looks at what enters into ethical judgment and choice. Interpretation of a case and of what the options are is always a factor, as is a sense of the possible values at stake. Intuitions also enter in, but often are unreliable. For a long time it seemed only fair that oldest sons inherited, and struck few people as unfair that women were not allowed to attend universities. A moral judgment is putatively part of a moral order in a society that any reasonable person would accept. But what counts as “reasonable” is generally contestable. The unreliability of intuitions leads naturally to ethical theory. Kantian, contractualist, and consequentialist theories all have some important truth in them, but not the whole truth. Contractualism lacks the resources required for a fully determinate account of what counts as “reasonable”. Broad general rules are important to Kant and are at the center of everyday morality. But can Kantian ethics explain why they have to have this central role? Our evolving social contract now contains elements (e.g. the rejection of racism and sexism) that once would have seemed counter-intuitive to most people. But could consequentialists have predicted with entire confidence the consequences of social changes that we now think were desirable? The last part of this book contains a double argument. One is that ethical theory is employed by humans in a state of semi-ignorance of relevant factors, grasping at likely truths and evolved intuitions. The other is that consequentialist considerations have a major role at the fundamental level, but much more in justification or criticism than in ethical discovery.

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Great thinkers A-Z

by Julian Baggini

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Subject: Philosophers, Philosophy, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern, Thought And Thinking,

Great Thinkers, A-Z brings together 100 short, accessible snapshots of the people who have shaped Western thought from the ancient Greeks to today. The snapshots, written by the world’s leading experts, describe a major thinker’s life and work with suggestions for further reading on each one. Covering philosophers as well as cultural and scientific thinkers–such as Foucault, Darwin, Einstein and Freud–who have had a major impact on philosophy, Great Thinkers, A-Z is the ideal book for anyone interested in the history of ideas and in contemporary thought.

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Forgiveness and mercy

by Jeffrie G. Murphy

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Subject: Forgiveness, Hate, Law - Philosophy, Law And Ethics,

This book explores the philosophical arguments about the nature of forgiveness, mercy and specific passions in the legal process.

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نتایج برای : 9780230007093
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