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بایگانی‌های 2101 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Reasons and Persons

by Derek Parfit

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Subject: Ethics,

“Very few works in the subject can compare with Parfit’s in scope, fertility, imaginative resource, and cogency of reasoning.”–P.F. Strawson, The New York Review of Books. “Extraordinary…Brilliant…Astonishingly rich in ideas…Reasons and Persons is a major contribution to philosophy: it will be read, honoured, and argued about for many years to come.”–Samuel Scheffler, Times Literary Supplement. “A brilliantly clever and imaginative book…Strange and excitingly intense.”–Alan Ryan, Sunday Times (London). “Not many books reset the philosophical agenda in the way that his one does…Western philosophy, especially systematic ethics, will not be the same again.”–Annette Baier, Philosophical Books. Challenging, with several powerful arguments, some of our deepest beliefs about rationality, morality, and personal identity, Parfit claims that we have a false view about our own nature. It is often rational to act against our own best interersts, he argues, and most of us have moral views that are self-defeating. We often act wrongly, although we know there will be no one with serious grounds for complaint, and when we consider future generations it is very hard to avoid conclusions that most of us will find very disturbing.

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THE INFLUENCE OF GENETICS ON CONTEMPORARY THINKING

by Fagot-Largeault Anne

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Subject: Electronic Books, Genetics, Genetics - Philosophy, Genetics - Social Aspects,

This volume reflects on the effects of recent discoveries in genetics on a broad range of scientific fields. In addition to neuroscience, evolutionary biology, anthropology and medicine, contributors analyze the effects of genetics on theories of health, law, epistemology and philosophy of biology. Social and moral concerns about the relationship between genetics, society and the individual also figure prominently. Genetic discoveries fuel central contemporary public policy debates concerning, for example, human cloning, equitable access to healthcare or the role of genetics in medicine. Perhaps more fundamentally, advances in genetics are altering our perception of human life and death.An interview with François Jacob by Anne Fagot-Largeault opens the volume. In this interview, Jacob, who shared a Nobel Prize with André Lwoff and Jacques Monod for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis, addresses many of the central methodological epistemological and ethical questions covered in the volume. The dynamic interdisciplinary character of this volume makes it relevant to scholars from many disciplines, from biology, philosophy and the social sciences.

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Case Studies in Biomedical Research Ethics (Basic Bioethics)

by Timothy F. Murphy

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Subject: Bioethics - Case Studies, Bioethics - Research - Case Studies, Medical Ethics - Case Studies, Medical Ethics - Research - Case Studies,

This textbook for instruction in biomedical research ethics can also serve as a valuable reference for professionals in the field of bioethics. The 149 cases included in the book are grouped in nine chapters, each of which covers a key area of debate in the field. Some of the case studies are classics, including the famous cases of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (in which subjects with syphilis were not given treatment) and the Willowbrook hepatitis studies (in which institutionalized subjects were intentionally exposed to hepatitis). Others focus on such current issues as human embryonic stem cell research, cloning by somatic nuclear transfer, and the design and function of institutional review boards. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction that places the issues raised in context; this is followed by a number of cases (each of which is no more than a few pages). Study questions meant to encourage further discussion follow each case.After an introductory discussion of the history and tenets of ethics in medical research, the book’s chapters cover the topics of oversight and study design; informed consent; the selection of subjects; conflicts of interest; the social effects of research; embryos, fetuses, and children; genetic research; the use of animals; and authorship and publication. Following these chapters are appendixes with the texts of the Nuremburg Code and the World Declaration of Geneva, two key documents in the establishment of bioethical standards for research. Also included are a glossary, a table of cases by general category, and an alphabetical listing of cases.

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Christian Ethics

by Bernard Hoose

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Subject: Christian Ethics, Religion / Christian Theology / Ethics, Religion / Ethics, Theology, Doctrinal,

Currently, there is an upsurge of interest in the study of Christian ethics but much of what is written can appear confusing or beyond reach. In Christian Ethics, the first one-volume reference to include all the main themes in fundamental and applied moral theology, Bernard Hoose puts in understandable terms the state of moral theology today. At a time when many people fear that society has lost its way morally, he helps Christians make sense of the major issues that confront us all. Written by well-known ethicists in the English-speaking world, Christian Ethics is a comprehensive work of reference for students of moral theology. Scholars will value the excellent collection of essays and the range of scholarship they represent. The educated lay reader will also benefit from its highly readable text. Part one of the book deals with the fundamental themes in moral theology, including the role of the Bible, natural law, conscience, virtue, and the feminist contribution to Christian ethics. Part two is devoted to specific areas of applied or special ethics, under the headings of social ethics, interpersonal and sexual ethics, and medical ethics. Chapters in “Part 1: Basic Christian Ethics” are “The Bible and Christian Ethics,” by Tom Deidun; “Natural Law,” by Gerard J. Hughes; “Authority and Moral Teaching in a Catholic Christian Context,” by Joseph Selling; “Absolute Moral Norms,” by Charles E. Curran; “Virtue Ethics,” by James F. Keenan; “The Human Person,” by Joseph Selling; “Conscience,” by Richard M. Gula; “The Theory of the Fundamental Option and Moral Action,” by Thomas R. Kopfensteiner; “Feminist Ethics,” by Susan F. Parsons,” and “The Distinctiveness of Christian Morality,” by Vincent MacNamara. Chapters in “Part 2: Applied Ethics” are “Justice,” by Karen Lebacqz; “Property,” by Timothy J. Gorringe; “Morality and Law,” by Patrick Hannon; “The Punishment of Criminals,” by Bernard Hoose; “Peace, Violence and War,” by Richard G. Jones; “Sex, Sexuality, and Relationships,” by Gareth Moore; “Divorce and Remarriage,” by Kevin T. Kelly; “Truth and Lies,” by Bernard Hoose; “Euthanasia,” by Richard M. Gula; “Ethical Problems Arising from New Reproductive Techniques,” by Joyce Poole; “Organ Transplantation,” by David F. Kelly; and “Hypnosis and General Anaesthesia,” by Aureliano Pacciolla.

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