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بایگانی‌های 1681 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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The Structural Evolution of Morality

by Jason McKenzie Alexander

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Subject: Ethics, Evolutionary, Moral Development, Philosophy / General,

It is certainly the case that morality governs the interactions that take place between individuals. But what if morality exists because of these interactions? This book argues for the claim that much of the behaviour we view as ‘moral’ exists because acting in that way benefits each of us to the greatest extent possible, given the socially structured nature of society. Drawing upon aspects of evolutionary game theory, the theory of bounded rationality, and computational models of social networks, it shows both how moral behaviour can emerge in socially structured environments, and how it can persist even when it is not typically viewed as ‘rational’ from a traditional economic perspective. Since morality consists of much more than mere behaviour, this book also provides a theory of how moral principles and the moral sentiments play an indispensable role in effective choice, acting as ‘fast and frugal heuristics’ in social decision contexts.

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Religious Ethics And Pastoral Care

by Don S. Browning

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Subject: Pastoral Counseling, Pastoral Theology, Religion / Christian Ministry / Counseling & Recovery, Religion / General,

Don Browning’s important work critically appropriates the distinctive insights of religious ethics and contemporary psychology to inform and reform both. Here he elaborates the moral context for pastoral care by formulating five levels of practical moral thinking, illustrates them in two case studies involving homosexuality, and integrates the levels into a method of theological practice. It is a helpful but not dominating ethical framework for pastoral care and counseling useful to students, pastors, and congregations alike. “Browning, in this book, continues efforts to teach religious ethics to those working as counselors…. It presents a clear argument and method for laying practical and workable foundations of religious ethics in pastoral work.” -Clergy Journal “[Browning] points out that much of our pastoral care is undergirded by unexamined or only partially examined moral and ethical thinking…. In our efforts to avoid moralism, we have moved more and more toward a stance of ethical neutrality which has done a disservice to the people who look to us for help. Pastoral care and counseling need to be grounded in a practical moral theology or theological ethics.” -Christian Century “Browning provides ample resources for pastors to begin a discipline of critical moral reflection, especially in their role as counselors…. His borrowings from moral philosophers and theological ethics are explicated in the context of case studies and should prove helpful for anyone engaged in the practice of ministry.” -Religious Studies Review Don S. Browning is Alexander Campbell Professor Emeritus of Ethics and the Social Sciences, Divinity School, University of Chicago. His work at the intersection of theological ethics and social sciences has led to such pioneering and influential works as Religious Thought and the Modern Psychologies and A Fundamental Practical Theology.

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The Meaning Of Belief

by Tim Crane

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Subject: Atheists - Attitudes, Belief And Doubt, Faith, Psychology, Religious,

Contemporary debate about religion seems to be going nowhere. Atheists persist with their arguments, many plausible and some unanswerable, but these make no impact on religious believers. Defenders of religion find atheists equally unwilling to cede ground. The Meaning of Belief offers a way out of this stalemate. An atheist himself, Tim Crane writes that there is a fundamental flaw with most atheists’ basic approach: religion is not what they think it is. Atheists tend to treat religion as a kind of primitive cosmology, as the sort of explanation of the universe that science offers. They conclude that religious believers are irrational, superstitious, and bigoted. But this view of religion is almost entirely inaccurate. Crane offers an alternative account based on two ideas. The first is the idea of a religious impulse: the sense people have of something transcending the world of ordinary experience, even if it cannot be explicitly articulated. The second is the idea of identification: the fact that religion involves belonging to a specific social group and participating in practices that reinforce the bonds of belonging. Once these ideas are properly understood, the inadequacy of atheists’ conventional conception of religion emerges. The Meaning of Belief does not assess the truth or falsehood of religion. Rather, it looks at the meaning of religious belief and offers a way of understanding it that both makes sense of current debate and also suggests what more intellectually responsible and practically effective attitudes atheists might take to the phenomenon of religion.–

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Forgiveness A Philosophical Exploration

by Charles L. Griswold

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Subject: Forgiveness, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Self-Help / General,

Nearly everyone has wronged another. Who among us has not longed to be forgiven? Nearly everyone has suffered the bitter injustice of wrongdoing. Who has not struggled to forgive? Charles Griswold has written the first comprehensive philosophical book on forgiveness in both its interpersonal and political contexts, as well as its relation to reconciliation. Having examined the place of forgiveness in ancient philosophy and in modern thought, he discusses what forgiveness is, what conditions the parties to it must meet, its relation to revenge and hatred, when it is permissible and whether it is obligatory, and why it is a virtue.

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Philosophy

by Louis P. Pojman

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Subject: Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Ancient & Classical, Philosophy / History & Surveys / General,

Praised for its accessibility and comprehensiveness, Philosophy: The Quest for Truth provides an excellent selection of classical and contemporary readings on nineteen key problems in philosophy. Louis P. Pojman has carefully organized the essays in each section so that they present pro/con dialogues that allow students to compare and contrast the philosophers’ positions. Topics covered include the nature of philosophy, the existence of God, immortality, knowledge, the mind-body question, personal identity, free will and determinism, ethics, political philosophy, and the meaning of life. The sixth edition offers selections from Plato, Rene Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, William James, Bertrand Russell, John Hick, John Hospers, and James Rachels–as well as essays by Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Blaise Pascal, Thomas Hobbes, George Berkeley, Immanuel Kant, Gilbert Ryle, Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, Alvin Plantinga, and many others. In Philosophy: The Quest for Truth, Sixth Edition, Pojman offers substantial introductions to each of the nineteen philosophical problems. In addition, each of the seventy-six readings is accompanied by an individual introduction with a biographical sketch of the philosopher, study questions, and reflective questions that challenge students to analyze and critique the material. Short bibliographies following each major section and a detailed glossary further enhance the text’s pedagogical value. Invaluable for introductory courses in philosophy, this highly acclaimed text inspires and guides students’ quest for wisdom. New to the Sixth Edition:: * Six selections: William Lane Craig: The Kalam Cosmological Argument and the Anthropic Principle William Rowe: An Analysis of the Ontological Argument Daniel Dennett: Postmodernism and Truth William James: The Dilemma of Determinism Harry Frankfurt: Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person John Rawls: The Contemporary Liberal Answer * More exercises in the excursus on logic

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