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بایگانی‌های Aristotle - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Liar Speaks the Truth

by Aladdin M. Yaqub

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Subject: Liar Paradox, Truth,

In this book, Yaqub describes a simple conception of truth and shows that it yields a semantical theory that accommodates the whole range of our seemingly conflicting intuitions about truth. This conception takes the Tarskian biconditionals (such as “The sentence ‘Johannes loved Clara’ is true if and only if Johannes loved Clara”) as correctly and completely defining the notion of truth. The semantical theory, which is called the revision theory, that emerges from this conception paints a metaphysical picture of truth as a property whose applicability is given by a revision process rather than by a fixed extension. The main advantage of this revision process is its ability to explain why truth seems in many cases almost redundant, in others substantial, and yet in others paradoxical (as in the famous Liar). Yaqub offers a comprehensive defense of the revision theory of truth by developing consistent and adequate formal semantics for languages in which all sorts of problematic sentences (Liar and company) can be constructed. Yaqub concludes by introducing a logic of truth that further demonstrates the adequacy of the revision theory.

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SELF-CONSTITUTION IN THE ETHICS OF PLATO AND KANT

by Christine M. Korsgaard

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Subject: Act (Philosophy), Agent, Agent (Philosophy),

Christine M. Korsgaard presents an account of the foundation of practical reason and moral obligation. Moral philosophy aspires to understand the fact that human actions, unlike the actions of the other animals, can be morally good or bad, right or wrong. Few moral philosophers, however, have exploited the idea that actions might be morally good or bad in virtue of being good or bad of their kind – good or bad as actions. Just as we need to know that it is the function of the heart to pump blood to know that a good heart is one that pumps blood successfully, so we need to know what the function of an action is in order to know what counts as a good or bad action. Drawing on the work of Plato, Aristotle, and Kant, Korsgaard proposes that the function of an action is to constitute the agency and therefore the identity of the person who does it. As rational beings, we are aware of, and therefore in control of, the principles that govern our actions. A good action is one that constitutes its agent as the autonomous and efficacious cause of her own movements. These properties correspond, respectively, to Kant’s two imperatives of practical reason. Conformity to the categorical imperative renders us autonomous, and conformity to the hypothetical imperative renders us efficacious. And in determining what effects we will have in the world, we are at the same time determining our own identities. Korsgaard develops a theory of action and of interaction, and of the form interaction must take if we are to have the integrity that, she argues, is essential for agency. On the basis of that theory, she argues that only morally good action can serve the function of action, which is self-constitution.

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Intentions in the Experience of Meaning

by Raymond W. Gibbs

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Subject: Intentionalism, Meaning (Psychology), Psychology / Personality,

Does our understanding and appreciation of Shakespeare’s plays demand that we know exactly who Shakespeare really was and what he intended to communicate in his work? This volume examines the role that authorship plays in people’s experience of language and art as meaningful human artifacts, as well as reviewing the fierce debates over these issues both within academia and popular culture. It is argued that many aspects of our understanding of language (both oral and written) and artworks (paintings, music, theater, etc.) rests on people’s fundamental, often unconscious, bias to seek who created something and for what communicative purpose.

محبوب ترین موضوعات

نتایج برای : Aristotle
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