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بایگانی‌های Medical Ethics - History - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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TOLERANCE AND THE ETHICAL LIFE

by Andrew G. Fiala

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Social Science / Discrimination & Race Relations, Toleration,

‘Fiala’s Tolerance and the Ethical Life is a profound study of the sources and consequences of the effort to get along with others in peace. His view that philosophy and toleration are particularly closely related is novel and important; connecting forbearance with tragically diverse communities stresses a much-neglected aspect of the subject. Written in accessible language but displaying a mastery of the history of thought, this book makes a permanent contribution to our understanding of why we must learn to live together and how difficult that is’ John Lachs, Vanderbilt University In a fresh and exciting way, this book shows how tolerance connects with the practice of philosophy. Andrew Fiala examines the virtue of tolerance as it appears in several historical contexts: Socratic philosophy, Stoic philosophy, Pragmatism and Existentialism. The lesson derived is that tolerance is a virtue for what Fiala calls ‘tragic communities’. Such communities are developed when we come together across our differences, but they lack the robust sense of connection that we often seek with others – the complete sort of happiness that is offered by a more Utopian ideal of community. But rather than viewing this conclusion as a failure, Fiala maintains that tragic communities are the best communities possible for human beings who are aware of their own individuality and finitude. Indeed, they are typical of the sorts of communities created by philosophers engaged in dialogue with others.

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Spaces of Environmental Justice

by Ryan Holifield

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Subject: Environmental Justice, Law / Environmental, Science / Environmental Science, Science / Life Sciences / General,

In this cutting-edge volume leading scholars examine a diverse range of environmental inequalities from around the world and introduce a pluralistic agenda for critical environmental justice research Spaces of Environmental Justice explores novel theoretical approaches and neglected spaces of inequality and shows how far the field has moved beyond its original focus on uneven distributions of pollution in the USAThe book also considers the influence of critical geographical and social theory on environmental justice studies Arrange of possibilities for future research directions are identified as are the challenges involved in investigating and pursuing environmental justice at a time of rapid economic and environmental change

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The Golden Rule

by Jeffrey Wattles

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Subject: Golden Rule, Golden Rule/ Comparative Studies, History / General, History / Holocaust,

In an age plagued by selfishness, materialism, and violence, ethicists feel impelled to find a universal system of values. To arrive at such a “rule” requires that they struggle with a series of seemingly irreconcilable questions. First, are universal values possible in a pluralistic world, and how does one do justice to both human equality and to individual and cultural differences? How is one to understand the interface between religious moral teachings and the ethics of secular humanism? Finally, can such a system integrate moral intuition and moral reason? In the first scholarly book in English on the golden rule since the seventeenth century, Jeffrey Wattles demonstrates how a clear understanding of the psychological, philosophical, and religious ramifications of the rule can form the synthesis needed to solve these dilemas. The golden rule, “do to others as you would have others do to you,” is widely assumed to have a single meaning, shared by virtually all the world’s religions. It strikes the average person as intuitively true, though most modern philosophers reject it or recast it in more rational form. Wattles surveys the history of the golden rule and its spectrum of meanings in diverse contexts, ranging from Confusius to Plato and Aristotle, from classical Jewish literature to the New Testament. He also considers medieval, Reformation, and modern theological and philosophical responses and objections to the rule, as well as how some early twentieth-century American leaders have tried to use the rule. Wattles draws these diverse interpretation into a synthesis that responds, at the psychological, philosophical, and religious levels, to the challenges to moral living in any given culture. Emotionally, the rules counsels consideration for others feelings by asking that “you place yourself in their shoes.” Intellectually, it activates moral thinking about what is fair. At the same time, it retains a spiritual appeal as “the principle of the practice of the family of God.” Demonstrating how, despite its contentious history, this age-old ethical principle contiues to be relevant in dealing with contemporary issues, The Golden Rule should interest students and scholars working in religious studies, philosophy and ethics, and psychology, as well as anyone looking for an alternative to postmodern cynicism and alienation.

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Autobiography as philosophy

by Thomas Mathien

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Subject: Autobiography, Philosophers, Philosophers/ Biography/ History And Criticism, Philosophical Literature/ History And Criticism,

Since Plato a surprisingly large number of philosophers have chosen to write in the first person about their own lives either in works that were primarily autobiographical or in the context of other more conventionally written texts. These texts stand in marked contrast to the bulk of philosophical writing, particularly in the past century during which the discipline has become ever more professionalized and specialized. Instead of the common impersonal and argumentative forms of ordinary philosophic discussion, these autobiographical texts are deeply personal and largely narrative or explanatory. The contributors to this book examine the philosophical significance of philosophers’ autobiographies and whether or not there are broadly philosophical tasks for which this sort of writing is particularly suited. Autobiography as Philosophy contains a general discussion about the relation between philosophical and autobiographical writing, and essays on the specific writings of Augustine, Abelard, Montaigne,Descartes, Vico, Hume, Rousseau, Newman, Mill, Nietzsche, Collingwood and Russell by specialists on the works of these individuals. The book is original and distinctive in its efforts to think about the writings of historically recognized philosophers as communicative acts governed by their own distinctive interests and purposes. It is, therefore as much about the texts and the authors as about their doctrines and arguments. As a result the book steps back from many of the issues of substantive philosophical discussion to reflect on certain forms of writing as means to philosophical ends, to consider what those ends have included.

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