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بایگانی‌های Iraq War, 2003 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Neuroscience Of Fair Play

by Donald W. Pfaff

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Subject: Ethics, Ethics/ Physiological Aspects, Golden Rule, Neuropsychology,

We remember the admonition of our mothers: “Treat others as you want them to treat you.” But what if being nice was something we were inclined by nature to do anyway?  Renowned neuroscientist Donald Pfaff upends our entire understanding of ethics and social contracts with an intriguing proposition: the Golden Rule is hardwired into the human brain.Pfaff, the researcher who first discovered the connections between specific brain circuits and certain behaviors, contends that the basic ethics governing our everyday lives can be traced directly to brain circuitry. Writing with popular science journalist Sandra J. Ackerman, he explains in this clear and concise account how specific brain signals induce us to consider our actions as if they were directed at ourselves—and subsequently lead us to treat others as we wish to be treated. Brain hormones are a part of this complicated process, and The Neuroscience of Fair Play discusses how brain hormones can catalyze behaviors with moral implications in such areas as self-sacrifice, parental love, friendship, and violent aggression.  Drawing on his own research and other recent studies in brain science, Pfaff offers a thought-provoking hypothesis for why certain ethical codes and ideas have remained constant across human societies and cultures throughout the world and over the centuries of history. An unprecedented and provocative investigation, The Neuroscience of Fair Play offers a new perspective on the increasingly important intersection of neuroscience and ethics.

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Drawing Morals

by Thomas Hurka

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Political,

This volume contains selected essays in moral and political philosophy by Thomas Hurka. The essays address a wide variety of topics, from the well-rounded life and the value of playing games to proportionality in war and the ethics of nationalism. They also share a common aim: to illuminate the surprising richness and subtlety of our everyday moral thought by revealing its underlying structure, which they often do by representing that structure on graphs. More specifically, the essays all give what the first in the volume calls “structural” as against “foundational” analyses of moral views. Eschewing the grander ambition of grounding our ideas about, say, virtue or desert in claims that use different concepts and concern some other, allegedly more fundamental topic, they examine these ideas in their own right and with close attention to their details. As well as illuminating their individual topics, the essays illustrate the insights this structural method can yield.

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VALUE JUDGEMENT

by James Griffin

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Values,

How can we improve our ethical beliefs? How great are our capacities for moral improvement? What constitutes a good life? What role can philosophy play in answering these questions? In this important new book, one of our leading moral philosophers looks at central issues of ethics and emerges with the fullest and most elegant account of his fundamental ethical theory. James Griffin examines influential schools of ethical thought and finds deontology, virtue ethics, and most forms of utilitarianism to be overly ambitious. He argues that ethics cannot be what philosophers in these traditions expect because agents cannot be what the philosophies need them to be. Clear, compelling, and original, this new account of ethics will be of interest to anyone concerned with thinking about values: not only philosophers but legal, political, and economic theorists as well.

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Against Coherence

by Erik J. Olsson

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Subject: Skepticism, Truth - Coherence Theory,

It is tempting to think that, if a person’s beliefs are coherent, they are also likely to be true. This truth conduciveness claim is the cornerstone of the popular coherence theory of knowledge and justification. Erik Olsson’s new book is the most extensive and detailed study of coherence and probable truth to date. Setting new standards of precision and clarity, Olsson argues that the value of coherence has been widely overestimated. Provocative and readable, Against Coherence will make stimulating reading for epistemologists and anyone with a serious interest in truth.

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Real Rights

by Carl Wellman

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Subject: Law - Philosophy, Law And Ethics,

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