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Enlightenment philosophers are often credited with formulating many theories about humankind and society, and in our post-modern age, we still live with some of the very same compelling, contentious and often unresolved questions about ourselves and the world we live in. Author Aubrey Neal suggests that one of these issues that lingers with us today is scepticism, and in ‘How Skeptics do Ethics’, he unravels the thread of this philosophy from its origins in enlightenment thinking down to our present age. He contends that linguistics and language have not brought modern philosophy any closer to understanding the role and nature of ethics in our current science-based society. Going further, Neal suggests the contemporary reader meets traditional terms for ethical theory, plausible belief and moral action in a different world from the one in which they were coined. Instead, these considerations for modern thinkers require a coherent language practice suitable for the social context in which we live, and thus raise the question of the meaning of old philosophical debates and their value for our society today. Referencing such luminary thinkers as Hume, Kant, and Hegel, Neal seeks to re-ignite age old questions and awaken the reader to a sense that our contemporary modes of reference and understanding should be seen from a substantially different point of view. Challenging, bracing, and entirely unflinching, ‘How Skeptics do Ethics’ is a wake-up call for anyone who thinks seriously about our society, ourselves, and the world in which we live.
This book argues that moral theology has yet to embrace the recommendations of the Second Vatican Council concerning the ways in which moral theology is to be renewed. There is little or no consensus between theologians regarding the nature, content and uniqueness of Christian morality. After highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the so-called autonomy and faith ethic schools of thought, Mealey argues that there is little dividing them and that, in some instances, both schools are simply defending one aspect of a hermeneutical dialectic.In an attempt to move away from the divisions between proponents of the faith-ethic and autonomy positions, Mealey enlists the help of the hermeneutical theory of Paul Ricoeur, arguing that the debate on the uniqueness of Christian morality can be mediated if scholars look to the possibilities opened up by Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of interpretation. Mealey also argues that the uniqueness of Christian morality is more adequately explained in terms of a specific identity (self) that is constantly subject to change and revision in light of many, often conflicting, moral sources. She advocates a move away from attempts to explain the uniqueness of Christian morality in terms of one specific, unchanging context, motivation, norm or divine command or value. By embracing the possibilities opened up by Ricoeurian hermeneutics, Mealey explains how concepts such as revelation, tradition, orthodoxy and moral conscience may be understood in a hermeneutical way without being deemed sectarian or unorthodox.
The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory is a major new reference work in ethical theory consisting of commissioned essays by leading moral philosophers. Ethical theories have always been of central importance to philosophy, and remain so; ethical theory is one of the most active areas of philosophical research and teaching today. Courses in ethics are taught in colleges and universities at all levels, and ethical theory is the organizing principle for all of them. The Handbook is divided into two parts, mirroring the field. The first part treats meta-ethical theory, which deals with theoretical questions about morality and moral judgment, including questions about moral language, the epistemology of moral belief, the truth aptness of moral claims, and so forth. The second part addresses normative theory, which deals with general moral issues, including the plausibility of various ethical theories and abstract principles of behavior. Examples of such theories are consequentialism and virtue theory. As with other Oxford Handbooks, the twenty-five contributors cover the field in a comprehensive and highly accessible way, while achieving three goals: exposition of central ideas, criticism of other approaches, and putting forth a distinct viewpoint.
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