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بایگانی‌های Enlightenment - Sources - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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LIMITS OF ETHICS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

by David Boucher

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Subject: Human Rights, International Relations - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Natural Law,

Ethical constraints on relations among individuals within and between societies have always reflected or invoked a higher authority than the caprices of human will. For over two thousand years Natural Law and Natural Rights were the constellations of ideas and presuppositions that fulfilled this role in the west, and exhibited far greater similarities than most commentators want to admit. Such ideas were the lens through which Europeans evaluated the rest of the world. In his major new book David Boucher rejects the view that Natural Rights constituted a secularisation of Natural Law ideas by showing that most of the significant thinkers in the field, in their various ways, believed that reason leads you to the discovery of your obligations, while God provides the ground for discharging them. Furthermore, the book maintains that Natural Rights and Human Rights are far less closely related than is often asserted because Natural Rights never cast adrift the religious foundationalism, whereas Human Rights, for the most part, have jettisoned the Christian metaphysics upon which both Natural Law and Natural Rights depended. Human Rights theories, on the whole, present us with foundationless universal constraints on the actions of individuals, both domestically and internationally. Finally, one of the principal contentions of the book is that these purportedly universal rights and duties almost invariably turn out to be conditional, and upon close scrutiny end up being ‘special’ rights and privileges as the examples of multicultural encounters, slavery and racism, and women’s rights demonstrate.

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Ethics and the A Priori

by Michael Smith

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Psychology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General,

Over the last fifteen years, Michael Smith has written a series of seminal essays about the nature of belief and desire, the status of normative judgment, and the relevance of the views we take on both these topics to the accounts we give of our nature as free and responsible agents. This long awaited collection comprises some of the most influential of Smith’s essays. Among the topics covered are: the Humean theory of motivating reasons, the nature of normative reasons, Williams and Korsgaard on internal and external reasons, the nature of self-control, weakness of will, compulsion, freedom, responsibility, the analysis of our rational capacities, moral realism, the dispositional theory of value, the supervenience of the normative on the non-normative, the error theory, rationalist treatments of moral judgment, the practicality requirement on moral judgment and non-cognivist. This collection will be of interest to students in philosophy and psychology.

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IS CONSCIENCE AN EMOTION?

by Hastings Rashdall

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Subject: Conscience, Ethics,

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Nanotechnology Challenges: Implications For Philosophy, Ethics And Society

by Joachim Schummer

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Subject: Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Nanotechnology/ Philosophy, Nanotechnology/ Social Aspects,

Nanotechnology is an emerging and rapidly growing field whose dynamics and prospects pose many great challenges not only to scientists and engineers but also to society at large. This volume includes the state-of-the-art philosophical, ethical, and sociological reflection on nanotechnology, written by leading scholars from the humanities and social sciences in North America and Europe. It unravels the philosophical underpinnings of nanotechnology, its metaphysical and epistemological foundations, and its conceptual complexity. It explores the ethical issues of nanotechnology, its impact on human, environmental, and social conditions, and the options for reasonable risk management. It examines the public discourse on nanotechnology and its related visions and provides both lessons from the past and outlooks for the future.

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Metaphysics, Soul, And Ethics In Ancient Thought

by Ricardo Salles

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Subject: Ethics, Metaphysics, Philosophy, Ancient,

Leading figures in ancient philosophy present nineteen original papers on three key themes in the work of Richard Sorabji. The papers dealing with Metaphysics range from Democritus to Numenius on basic questions about the structure and nature of reality: necessitation, properties, and time. The section on Soul includes one paper on the individuation of souls in Plato and five papers on Aristotle’s and Aristotelian theories of cognition, with a special emphasis on perception. The section devoted to Ethics concentrates upon Stoicism and the complex views the Stoics held on such topics as motivation, akrasia, oikeiosis, and the emotions. It also includes one paper on the influence of Greek ethics in Modern Philosophy. The volume also contains a fascinating “intellectual autobiography” by Sorabji himself, and a full Bibliography of his works.

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