بایگانی‌های Decision Making/ Moral And Ethical Aspects

Monte Johnson examines the most controversial aspects of Aristiotle’snatural philosophy: his teleology. Is teleology about causation or explanation?Does it exclude or obviate mechanism, determinism, or materialism? Is it focusedon the good of individual organisms, or is god or man the ultimate end of allprocesses and entities? Is teleology restricted to living things, or does itapply to the cosmos as a whole? Does it identify objectively existent causes inthe world, or is it merely a heuristic for our understanding of other causalprocesses? Johnson argues that Aristotle’s aporetic approach drives a middlecourse between these traditional oppositions, and avoids the dilemma, frequentlyurged against teleology, between backwards causation and anthropomorphism.Although these issues have been debated with extraordinary depth by Aristotlescholars, and touched upon by many in the wider philosophical and scientificcommunity as well, there is no comprehensive historical treatment of the issue. Aristotle is commonly considered the inventor of teleology, although the preciseterm originated in the eighteenth century. If teleology means the use of endsand goals in natural science, then Aristotle was rather a critical innovator ofteleological explanation. Teleological notions were widespread among hispredecessors, but Aristotle rejected their conception of extrinsic causes suchas mind or god as the primary causes for natural things. Aristotle’s radicalalternative was to assert nature itself as an internal principle of change andan end, and his teleological explanations focus on the intrinsic ends of naturalsubstances – those ends that benefit the natural thing itself. Aristotle’s use of ends was subsequently conflated with incompatible’teleological’ notions, including proofs for the existence of a providential ordesigner god, vitalism and animism, opposition to mechanism and non-teleologicalcausation, and anthropocentrism. Johnson addresses these misconceptions throughan elaboration of Aristotle’s methodological statements, as well as anexamination of the explanations actually offered in the scientific works.

Populations and genetics

by Bartha Maria Knoppers

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Subject: DNA Fingerprinting - Law And Legislation - Congresses, Human Population Genetics - Moral And Ethical Aspects - Congresses, Medical Genetics - Law And Legislation - Congresses,

Genetic research and testing is not limited to individuals and their families. Increasingly, there is focus on communities and even whole populations. This raises legal and socio-ethical and issues that have not been addressed. In this age of international biobanking involving populations, are current legal and ethical approaches sufficient? This book of selected papers covers population research and banking as well as accompanying confidentiality, and governance concerns. Possible commercialization, patents, benefit sharing, discrimination, and the role of patient organizations and of developing countries are also discussed. New perspectives and models are provided. The book concludes with a “Statement of Principles on the Ethical Conduct of Human Genetic Research Involving Populations,” Policymakers, academics, legislators and researchers will find this book to be current and controversial. The human genome may be mapped but the legal and socio-ethical debate is far from over.

Experiments in Ethics (Mary Flexner Lecture Series of Bryn Mawr College)

by Kwame Anthony Appiah

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Subject: Ethics, Performing Arts / Film & Video / History & Criticism, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Political,

In the past few decades, scientists of human nature–including experimental and cognitive psychologists, neuroscientists, evolutionary theorists, and behavioral economists–have explored the way we arrive at moral judgments. They have called into question commonplaces about character and offered troubling explanations for various moral intuitions. Research like this may help explain what, in fact, we do and feel. But can it tell us what we ought to do or feel? In Experiments in Ethics, the philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah explores how the new empirical moral psychology relates to the age-old project of philosophical ethics.Some moral theorists hold that the realm of morality must be autonomous of the sciences; others maintain that science undermines the authority of moral reasons. Appiah elaborates a vision of naturalism that resists both temptations. He traces an intellectual genealogy of the burgeoning discipline of “experimental philosophy,” provides a balanced, lucid account of the work being done in this controversial and increasingly influential field, and offers a fresh way of thinking about ethics in the classical tradition.Appiah urges that the relation between empirical research and morality, now so often antagonistic, should be seen in terms of dialogue, not contest. And he shows how experimental philosophy, far from being something new, is actually as old as philosophy itself. Beyond illuminating debates about the connection between psychology and ethics, intuition and theory, his book helps us to rethink the very nature of the philosophical enterprise.

The Routledge companion to feminism and postfeminism

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Classical philosophy

by Terence Irwin

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Subject: Philosophy, Ancient,

This exceptional book examines and explains Plato’s answer to the normative question, “How ought we to live?” It discusses Plato’s conception of the virtues; his views about the connection between the virtues and happiness; and the account of reason, desire, and motivation that underlies his arguments about the virtues. Plato’s answer to the epistemological question, “How can we know how we ought to live?” is also discussed. His views on knowledge, belief, and inquiry, and his theory of Forms, are examined, insofar as they are relevant to his ethical view. Terence Irwin traces the development of Plato’s moral philosophy, from the Socratic dialogues to its fullest exposition in the Republic. Plato’s Ethics discusses Plato’s reasons for abandoning or modifying some aspects of Socratic ethics, and for believing that he preserves Socrates’ essential insights. A brief and selective discussion of the Statesmen, Philebus, and Laws is included. Replacing Irwin’s earlier Plato’s Moral Theory (Oxford, 1977), this book gives a clearer and fuller account of the main questions and discusses some recent controversies in the interpretation of Plato’s ethics. It does not presuppose any knowledge of Greek or any extensive knowledge of Plato.

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Петер Л. Бергер 1913-200 Moore Barrington 19940329d1993 M. Y0frey50 Ba 20070713d2007 M. Y0frey0103 Ba 20171023d2017 K. Y0frey50 Ba A. Campbell Garnett A. John Simmons A. Marciano A. Montefiore A. Peczenik A. Peperzak A. Phillips Griffiths A. Sen A.C. Grayling A.E. Taylor A.J. Ayer A.K. Rogers A.R.C. Duncan A.W. Moore A.W. Musschenga Aaron Ben-Ze'ev Aaron Garrett Aaron Quinn Aaron Zimmerman Aaronette M. White Abdul Fadl Mohsin Ebrahim Abdulaziz Sachedina Abraham J. Twerski MD Abrol Fairweather Adam Ferguson Adam Morton Adam Smith Adam Thierer Adam Zachary Newton Adolf Wuttke Adrian Beard Adrian Henriques Adrian Thatcher Adrian Walsh Agusti Cerrillo Aisha Lemu Ajay Kumar Al-Rahman.Abd al-Salam, Samiyah Abd Aladdin M. Yaqub Alain Badiou Alan A. Block Alan Cruse Alan D. Schrift Alan Goldman Alan H. Goldman Alan Jean Nelson Alan L. Mittleman Alan Lawton Alan Marzilli Alan Millar Alan Rosenthal Alan Thomas Alan Wolfe Alasdair C. 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Smedes Lex Newman Liam B. Murphy Liezl L. Van Zyl Lina Eriksson Linda L. Brennan Linda Martín, Alcoff Linda R. Rabieh Linda Ross Meyer Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski Linda Zagzebski Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper Lis Thomas Lisa Downing Lisa H. Newton Lisa Kemmerer Lisa Sowle Cahill Lisa Tessman Liva Jacoby Livia Iacovino Liz Murray Logi Gunnarsson Lois Snyder Lon L. Fuller Long Christopher Philip Lorenzo Magnani Loretta M. Kopelman Lori A. Roscoe Lori Gruen Lori J. Underwood Lorraine Smith Pangle Lorry R. Frankel Louis Caruana Louis Freeland Post Louis P. Pojman Lucan Freppert Luce Irigaray Luciano Floridi Lucinda Peach Lynelle Watts Lynn Segal M. Carmody M. David Dealy M. Guy Thompson M. Ramon Llamas M.D. Arthur Kleinman M.J. Inwood M.R.R. Ossewaarde Macmillan Publishing Madsen Richard Magee Glenn Alexander Mahala Yates Stripling Mahzarin R. Banaji Majid Fakhry Manfred Kets De Vries Manisha Paliwal Manue Froehlich Marar Ziyad Marc A. Rodwin Marc A. 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Ford Norman O. Dahl Nowicka Magdalena Nuffield Council on Bioethics Nussbaum Martha Craven O.P. Dwivedi O&apos Onora Oded Balaban Oecd Oliver A. Johnson Oliver Donovan Oliver Sensen Onora O'Neill Oren Ben-Dor Orend Brian Oscar A. Romero Otfried Hoeffe Ovadia Ezra Owen Flanagan Owen Flanagan and AmÃ©lie Oksenberg Rorty Owen J. Flanagan P. Crittenden P.A. Sorokin P.B. Cliteur P.F. Strawson P.M.S. Hacker P.S. Atiyah Paarlberg Paisley Livings Paludi Panayot Butchvarov PARKER Pascal Engel Pascal Kamina Paterson Craig Patricia J. Parsons Patricia J. Sikes Patricia Keith-Spiegel Patricia S. Greenspan Patricia Springborg Patrick Hayden Patrick Lee Patrick Neal Patrick R. Frierson Patrick Stokes Paul A. Boghossian Paul Arthur Schilpp Paul B. Thompson Paul Bloomfield Paul Blumberg Paul Cartledge Paul Copan Paul Crowther Paul Davis Paul Deats Paul Dembinski Paul Edwards Paul Faulkner Paul Grice Paul Guyer Paul Helm Paul Horwich Paul J. 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Rossi Philip Kitcher Philip L. Quinn Philip Lake Philip Pettit Philip Soper Philip Stokes Philip Van Ness Myers Philippa Foot Phyllis A. Tickle Phyllis Stock-Morton Pierre Destrée Pierre Hecker Piers Benn Pike Albert Platt Plotinus Plutarch POLLOCK Polly Schaafsma Prince Kropotkin Prof Dr Elke Mack Prof John Hoffman Prof. Daniel N. Robinson Professor Amartya Sen Professor Cees J. Hamelink Professor Department of Philosophy Duke University David B.Wong and Chair Professor F.M. Kamm of Philosophy Harvard University Professor Henry E. Allison Professor James Turner Johnson Professor Jonathan Glover Professor Michael Walzer Professor Noam Chomsky Professor Robert B. Louden of Philosophy University of Southern Maine Professor Sabina Lovibond Professor Torbjörn Tännsjö Professor Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Chauncey Stillman of Practical Ethics in the Philosophy Department and the Kenan Institute for Ethics at Duke University Professor Yi-Fu Tuan Quentin Skinner R. Andrew Sayer R. Burgess R. 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LaFleur William Ransome William Rehg William Rhodes William Ritchie Sorley William Schweiker William Sweet William T. Cavanaugh William W. Fortenbaugh William Wallace Willis J. Jenkins Wilson Wolfgang Detel Wolfgang Edelstein Wolfram Hinzen Woodford Paul World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities World Health Organization World Medical Association Wouter Floris Kalf Xiaohe Lu Xiaorong Li Yåuichi, Shionoya YiJun Tian Youru Wang Yulia Ustinova Yuval Lurie Yuval Noah Harari Ziba Mir-Hosseini Zygmunt Bauman Zylinska Joanna

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نتایج برای : Decision Making/ Moral And Ethical Aspects

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Classical philosophy

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