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بایگانی‌های Criminal Law - Moral And Ethical Aspects - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Devil Wins

by Dallas G. Denery

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Subject: Truthfulness And Falsehood,

Is it ever acceptable to lie? This question plays a surprisingly important role in the story of Europe’s transition from medieval to modern society. According to many historians, Europe became modern when Europeans began to lie–that is, when they began to argue that it is sometimes acceptable to lie. This popular account offers a clear trajectory of historical progression from a medieval world of faith, in which every lie is sinful, to a more worldly early modern society in which lying becomes a permissible strategy for self-defense and self-advancement. Unfortunately, this story is wrong. For medieval and early modern Christians, the problem of the lie was the problem of human existence itself. To ask “Is it ever acceptable to lie?” was to ask how we, as sinners, should live in a fallen world. As it turns out, the answer to that question depended on who did the asking. The Devil Wins uncovers the complicated history of lying from the early days of the Catholic Church to the Enlightenment, revealing the diversity of attitudes about lying by considering the question from the perspectives of five representative voices–the Devil, God, theologians, courtiers, and women. Examining works by Augustine, Bonaventure, Martin Luther, Madeleine de Scudâery, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and a host of others, Dallas G. Denery II shows how the lie, long thought to be the source of worldly corruption, eventually became the very basis of social cohesion and peace. –from back cover.

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The Moral Ecology Of Markets

by Daniel Finn

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Subject: Capitalism, Capitalism - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Distributive Justice,

Disagreements about the morality of markets, and about self-interested behavior within markets, run deep. They arise from perspectives within economics and political philosophy that appear to have nothing in common. In this book, Daniel Finn provides a framework for understanding these conflicting points of view. Recounting the arguments for and against markets and self-interest, he argues that every economy must address four fundamental problems: allocation, distribution, scale, and the quality of relations. In addition, every perspective on the morality of markets addresses explicitly or implicitly the economic, political, and cultural contexts of markets, or what Finn terms ‘the moral ecology of markets’. His book enables a dialogue among the various participants in the debate over justice in markets. In this process, Finn engages with major figures in political philosophy, including John Rawls, Robert Nozick, and Michael Walzer, as well as in economics, notably Milton Friedman, Friedrich Hayek, and James Buchannan.

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CONFRONTING ARISTOTLE’S ETHICS

by Eugene Garver

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Subject: Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy,

Book Summary of Confronting Aristotle’s Ethics: Ancient And Modern MoralityWhat is the good life? Posing this question today would likely elicit very different answers. Some might say that the good life means doing good?improving one?s community and the lives of others. Others might respond that it means doing well?cultivating one?s own abilities in a meaningful way. But for Aristotle these two distinct ideas?doing good and doing well?were one and the same and could be realized in a single life. In Confronting Aristotle?s Ethics, Eugene Garver examines how we can draw this conclusion from Aristotle’s works, while also studying how this conception of the good life relates to contemporary ideas ofmorality. The key to Aristotle?s views on ethics, argues Garver, lies in the Metaphysics or, more specifically, in his thoughts on activities, actions, and capacities. For Aristotle, Garver shows, it is only possible to be truly active when acting for the common good, and it is only possible to be truly happy when active to the extent of one?s own powers. But does this mean we should aspire to Aristotle?s impossibly demanding vision of the good life? In a word, no. Garver stresses the enormous gap between life in Aristotle?s time and ours. As a result, this book will be a welcome rumination on not only Aristotle, but the relationship between the individual and society in everyday life..

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Justice Beyond Borders

by Simon Caney

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Subject: Electronic Books, Humanitarian Intervention, International Law, International Relations,

Which political principles should govern global politics? In his new book, Simon Caney engages with the work of philosophers, political theorists, and international relations scholars in order to examine some of the most pressing global issues of our time. Are there universal civil, political, and economic human rights? Should there be a system of supra-state institutions? Can humanitarian intervention be justified?

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Wild Justice

by Marc Bekoff

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Subject: Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Psychology / General, Science / Life Sciences / Biology / General, Science / Life Sciences / Zoology / General,

Scientists have long counseled against interpreting animal behavior in terms of human emotions, warning that such anthropomorphizing limits our ability to understand animals as they really are. With “Wild Justice”, Marc Bekoff and Jessica Pierce unequivocally challenge this long-held view. Marrying years of behavioral and cognitive research with compelling and moving anecdotes, Bekoff and Pierce reveal that animals exhibit a broad repertoire of moral behaviors, including fairness, empathy, trust, and reciprocity. Animals, in short, are incredibly adept social beings, relying on rules of conduct to navigate intricate social networks that are essential to their survival. Ultimately, Bekoff and Pierce draw the astonishing conclusion that there is no moral gap between humans and other species: morality is an evolved trait that we unquestionably share with other social mammals.

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