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بایگانی‌های Asia - Politics and government - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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TRUTH V. JUSTICE

by Robert I. Rotberg

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Subject: History,

The truth commission is an increasingly common fixture of newly democratic states with repressive or strife-ridden pasts. From South Africa to Haiti, truth commissions are at work with varying degrees of support and success. To many, they are the best–or only–way to achieve a full accounting of crimes committed against fellow citizens and to prevent future conflict. Others question whether a restorative justice that sets the guilty free, that cleanses society by words alone, can deter future abuses and allow victims and their families to heal. Here, leading philosophers, lawyers, social scientists, and activists representing several perspectives look at the process of truth commissioning in general and in post-apartheid South Africa. They ask whether the truth commission, as a method of seeking justice after conflict, is fair, moral, and effective in bringing about reconciliation. The authors weigh the virtues and failings of truth commissions, especially the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, in their attempt to provide restorative rather than retributive justice. They examine, among other issues, the use of reparations as social policy and the granting of amnesty in exchange for testimony. Most of the contributors praise South Africa’s decision to trade due process for the kinds of truth that permit closure. But they are skeptical that such revelations produce reconciliation, particularly in societies that remain divided after a compromise peace with no single victor, as in El Salvador. Ultimately, though, they find the truth commission to be a worthy if imperfect instrument for societies seeking to say “never again” with confidence. At a time when truth commissions have been proposed for Bosnia, Kosovo, Cyprus, East Timor, Cambodia, Nigeria, Palestine, and elsewhere, the authors’ conclusion that restorative justice provides positive gains could not be more important. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Amy Gutmann, Rajeev Bhargava, Elizabeth Kiss, David A. Crocker, André du Toit, Alex Boraine, Dumisa Ntsebeza, Lisa Kois, Ronald C. Slye, Kent Greenawalt, Sanford Levinson, Martha Minow, Charles S. Maier, Charles Villa-Vicencio, and Wilhelm Verwoerd.

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Moral Disorder

by Margaret Atwood

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Subject: Fiction / Fantasy / Short Stories, Fiction / Literary, Fiction / Short Stories, Short Stories, Canadian,

Margaret Atwood has frequently been cited as one of the foremost writers of our time. Moral Disorder, her new work of fiction, could be seen as a collection of ten stories that is almost a novel … or a novel broken up into ten stories. It resembles a photograph album – a series of clearly observed moments that trace the course of a life, and the lives intertwined with it – those of parents, siblings, children, friends, enemies, teachers and even animals. And as in a photograph album, times change; every decade is here, from the 1930s through the 50s, 60s and 70s to the present day. The settings are equally varied: large cities, suburbs, farms, northern forests. The first story, ‘The Bad News,’ is set in the present, as a couple no longer young situate themselves in a larger world no longer safe. Then the narrative switches time, as the central character moves through childhood and adolescence, in ‘The Art of Cooking and Serving’, ‘The Headless Horseman’ and ‘My Last Duchess’. We follow her into young adulthood in ‘The Other Place’, and then through a complex relationship, traced in three of the stories – ‘Monopoly’, ‘Moral Disorder’ and ‘The Entities’. The last two stories, ‘The Labrador Fiasco’ and ‘The Boys at the Lab’, deal with the heartbreaking old age of parents, but circle back to childhood again, to complete the cycle. By turns funny, moving, lyrical, incisive, tragic, earthy, shocking and deeply personal, Moral Disorder displays Atwood’s celebrated storytelling gifts and inimitable style to their best advantage. As the New York Times has said, ‘Atwood has complete access to her people’s emotional histories, complete understanding of their hearts and imaginations.’

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An Essay on the Nature and Conduct of the Passions and Affections, with Illustrations on the Moral Sense

by Francis Hutcheson

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Subject: ,

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NATURAL LAW AND NATURAL RIGHTS

by John Finnis

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Subject: Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / General, Law, Law - Philosophy, Law And Ethics,

First published in 1980, Natural Law and Natural Rights is widely heralded as a seminal contribution to the philosophy of law, and an authoritative restatement of natural law doctrine. It has offered generations of students and other readers a thorough grounding in the central issues of legal, moral, and political philosophy from Finnis’s distinctive perspective. This new edition includes a substantial postscript by the author, in which he responds to thirty years of discussion, criticism and further work in the field to develop and refine the original theory.The book closely integrates the philosophy of law with ethics, social theory and political philosophy. The author develops a sustained and substantive argument; it is not a review of other people’s arguments but makes frequent illustrative and critical reference to classical, modern, and contemporary writers in ethics, social and political theory, and jurisprudence.The preliminary First Part reviews a century of analytical jurisprudence to illustrate the dependence of every descriptive social science upon evaluations by the theorist. A fully critical basis for such evaluations is a theory of natural law. Standard contemporary objections to natural law theory are reviewed and shown to rest on serious misunderstandings.The Second Part develops in ten carefully structured chapters an account of: basic human goods and basic requirements of practical reasonableness, community and ‘the common good’; justice; the logical structure of rights-talk; the bases of human rights, their specification and their limits; authority, and the formation of authoritative rules by non-authoritative persons and procedures; law, the Rule of Law, and the derivation of laws from the principles of practical reasonableness; the complex relation between legal and moral obligation; and the practical and theoretical problems created by unjust laws.A final Part develops a vigorous argument about the relation between ‘natural law’, ‘natural theology’ and ‘revelation’ – between moral concern and other ultimate questions.

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Philosophy of the English-speaking World in the Twentieth Century: Logic, Mathematics and Science Pt.1 (Routledge History of Philosophy)

by S.G. Shanker

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Subject: Enlightenment, Idealism, Logic, Logic - History - 20th Century,

Volume 9 of the Routledge History of Philosophy surveys ten key topics in the Philosophy of Science, Logic and Mathematics in the Twentieth Century. Each article is written by one of the world’s leading experts in that field. The papers provide a comprehensive introduction to the subject in question, and are written in a way that is accessible to philosophy undergraduates and to those outside of philosophy who are interested in these subjects. Each chapter contains an extensive bibliography of the major writings in the field. Among the topics covered are the philosophy of logic; Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus; a survey of logical positivism; the philosophy of physics and of science; probability theory and cybernetics.

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