بایگانی‌های 2013 - صفحه 3 از 4 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان

Philosophy of Language (Routledge Contemporary Introductions to Philosophy)

by William Lycan

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Subject: Language And Languages, Language And Languages - Philosophy, Language Arts & Disciplines / General,

Philosophy of Language: a Contemporary Introduction introduces the student to the main issues and theories in twentieth-century philosophy of language, focusing specifically on linguistic phenomena. Topics are structured in three parts in the book. Part I, Reference and Referring Expressions, includes topics such as Russell’s Theory of Desciptions, Donnellan’s distinction, problems of anaphora, the description theory of proper names, Searle’s cluster theory, and the causal-historical theory. Part II, Theories of Meaning, surveys the competing theories of linguistic meaning and compares their various advantages and liabilities. Part III, Pragmatics and Speech Acts, introduces the basic concepts of linguistic pragmatics, includes a detailed discussion of the problem of indirect force and surveys approaches to metaphor. Part IV, new to this edition, examines the four theories of metaphor. Features of Philosophy of Language include: New chapters on Frege and puzzles, inferentialism, illocutionary theories ofmeaning and relevance theory chapter overviews and summaries clear supportive examples study questions annotated further reading glossary

Following the Rules

by Joseph Heath

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Subject: Deontic Logic, Duty, Electronic Books, Ethics,

For centuries, philosophers have been puzzled by the fact that people often respect moral obligations as a matter of principle, setting aside considerations of self-interest. In more recent years, social scientists have been puzzled by the more general phenomenon of rule-following, the fact that people often abide by social norms even when doing so produces undesirable consequences. Experimental game theorists have demonstrated conclusively that the old-fashioned picture of “economic man,” constantly reoptimizing in order to maximize utility in all circumstances, cannot provide adequate foundations for a general theory of rational action. The dominant response, however, has been a slide toward irrationalism. If people are ignoring the consequences of their actions, it is claimed, it must be because they are making some sort of a mistake. In Following the Rules, Joseph Heath attempts to reverse this trend, by showing how rule-following can be understood as an essential element of rational action. The first step involves showing how rational choice theory can be modified to incorporate deontic constraint as a feature of rational deliberation. The second involves disarming the suspicion that there is something mysterious or irrational about the psychological states underlying rule-following. According to Heath, human rationality is a by-product of the so-called “language upgrade” that we receive as a consequence of the development of specific social practices. As a result, certain constitutive features of our social environment-such as the rule-governed structure of social life-migrate inwards, and become constitutive features of our psychological faculties. This in turn explains why there is an indissoluble bond between practical rationality and deontic constraint. In the end, what Heath offers is a naturalistic, evolutionary argument in favor of the traditional Kantian view that there is an internal connection between being a rational agent and feeling the force of one’s moral obligations.

Ethics And Criminal Justice

by John Kleinig

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Subject: Criminal Justice, Administration Of, Criminal Justice, Administration Of/ Moral And Ethical Aspects, Criminal Justice, Administration Of/ Moral And Ethical Aspects/ Cases,

This textbook looks at the main ethical questions that confront the criminal justice system – legislature, law enforcement, courts, and corrections – and those who work within that system, especially police officers, prosecutors, defence lawyers, judges, juries, and prison officers. John Kleinig sets the issues in the context of a liberal democratic society and its ethical and legislative underpinnings, and illustrates them with a wide and international range of real-life case studies. Topics covered include discretion, capital punishment, terrorism, restorative justice, and re-entry. Kleinig’s discussion is both philosophically acute and grounded in institutional realities, and will enable students to engage productively with the ethical questions which they encounter both now and in the future – whether as criminal justice professionals or as reflective citizens.

Ethical Dimensions of the Economy

by Wilfried Ver Eecke

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Subject: Economic Policy, Economics, Economics - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Public Goods,

This book reflects philosophically about the socio-political dimension of economics.Part I provides normative reflections on the economy: Section I reflects on the interconnections between the multiple discourses on the economy, section II presents Hegel’s claim that the economic order is an ethical institution and defends his ontological view of the economy against the one of Adam Smith. Section III dialogues with economists about their concepts of public and merit goods. This section defends a Hegelian ontology of the economy through an analysis of technical concepts used by economists. Part II provides applications derived from the normative analysis: Section I presents the views of authors in different academic disciplines pointing to failures in late capitalism, in particular failures of American capitalism and section II asks the question: ” What must one pay attention to in a transition from a command economy to a free market?”Section III draws attention to an overlap of ideas found in Catholic Social Thought and in the publications of some recent Nobel prize winners in economics (Buchanan, Sen, Stiglitz).

INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES

by Robert C. Roberts

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Subject: Knowledge, Theory Of, Virtue Epistemology,

From the ferment of recent debates about the intellectual virtues, Roberts and Wood develop an approach they call ‘regulative epistemology’, exploring the connection between knowledge and intellectual virtue. In the course of their argument they analyse particular virtues of intellectual life – such as courage, generosity, and humility – in detail.

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Петер Л. Бергер 1913-200 Moore Barrington 19940329d1993 M. Y0frey50 Ba 20070713d2007 M. Y0frey0103 Ba 20171023d2017 K. Y0frey50 Ba A. Campbell Garnett A. John Simmons A. Marciano A. Montefiore A. Peczenik A. Peperzak A. Phillips Griffiths A. Sen A.C. Grayling A.E. Taylor A.J. Ayer A.K. Rogers A.R.C. Duncan A.W. Moore A.W. Musschenga Aaron Ben-Ze'ev Aaron Garrett Aaron Quinn Aaron Zimmerman Aaronette M. White Abdul Fadl Mohsin Ebrahim Abdulaziz Sachedina Abraham J. Twerski MD Abrol Fairweather Adam Ferguson Adam Morton Adam Smith Adam Thierer Adam Zachary Newton Adolf Wuttke Adrian Beard Adrian Henriques Adrian Thatcher Adrian Walsh Agusti Cerrillo Aisha Lemu Ajay Kumar Al-Rahman.Abd al-Salam, Samiyah Abd Aladdin M. Yaqub Alain Badiou Alan A. Block Alan Cruse Alan D. Schrift Alan Goldman Alan H. Goldman Alan Jean Nelson Alan L. Mittleman Alan Lawton Alan Marzilli Alan Millar Alan Rosenthal Alan Thomas Alan Wolfe Alasdair C. MacIntyre Alasdair MacIntyre Albert Borgmann Albert Leffingwell Albert Pike Albert R. Jonsen Albert Schweitzer Alberto Corsin Jimenez Albino Barrera Aldert Vrij Aleister Crowley Alejo Jose G. Sison Aleksi Kuokkanen Alessandro Ferrara Alessandro Giovannelli Alex Byrne Alex J. Bellamy Alex Miller Alex Pattakos Alexander Bain Alexander Broadie Alexander Grant Alexander Lucie-Smith Alexander McCall Smith Alexander Moseley Alexander Rosenberg Alexander Skutch Alfred Allan Alfred Bellebaum Alfred R. Mele Alfreda Dudley Ali Rattansi alice crary Aline H. Kalbian Alison Adam Alison Assiter Alison Hills Alison M. Jaggar Alison Stone Alistair Edwards Allan Edward Barsky Allan Gibbard Allen Buchanan Allen E. Buchanan Allen Verhey Allen W. Wood Almut Beringer Aloysius Martinich Alvin Goldman Alvin I. Goldman Alvin Plantinga Amanda Russell Beattie Amartya Sen Amber Esping Amelie Rorty Amihud Gilead Amina Memon Ammar Rayes Amos Tversky Amy DeRogatis Amyn B. Sajoo Ana Marta Gonzâalez Ana S. Iltis Ana Smith Iltis Anandi Hattiangadi Anatol Rapoport and Medicine Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences Research Andreas Føllesdal Andreas Follesdal Andrew Bernstein Andrew Collier andrew dole Andrew Fisher Andrew G. Fiala Andrew Gibson Andrew I. Cohen Andrew Petersen Andrew Sneddon Andrews Reath Andy Miah Angelo Mazzocco Angus Dawson Angus Ritchie Anita M. Superson Anitta Kynsilehto Ann Farrell Ann Lathrop Ann Marie Mealey Anna Akasoy Anna Alexandrova Anna L. Peterson Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka Anne Campbell Anne Innis Dagg Anne J. Davis Anne Maclean Anne Margaret Baxley Anne Rowe Anne Thomson Anne W. Rowthorn Anne-Maree Farrell Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter Annette Baier Annette Barnes Annie Wood Besant Anscombe Anthony Ashley Cooper of Shaftesbury Anthony Bash Anthony Dyson Anthony Giddens Anthony Kenny Anthony O'Hear Anthony Weston DIMOCK Antonia Macaro Antonio S. Cua Ao Rorty Ara Paul Barsam Archibald B.D. Alexander Arda Denkel Ariel Colonomos Aristotelian Society Aristotle Arne Johan Vetlesen Arne Næss Arne Naess Arnold Geulincx Arnold Goldberg Arthur Brooks Arthur Glyn Leonard Arthur Isak Applbaum Arthur S.M. Lim Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur W. Galston Arthur W.H. Adkins Arto Laitinen Asbjorn Gronstad Ash William Ashley Ward Ashly Pinnington Asveld Aubrey Neal Aurora Plomer Austin Sarat Avicenna Avishai Margalit Axel Honneth Ayman Shihadeh B. Andrew Lustig B. Bosanquet B. Judd B.A. Lustig Bailey Baird Banks McDowell Baqari, Ahmad Mahir Barbara Herman Barbara Katz Rothman Barbara Killinger Ph.d Barbro Björkman Barrow Barry Emslie Barry Maher Barry Monk Barry Schwartz Bartha Maria Knoppers Basil Mitchell Bebhinn Donnelly Beirne Ann Ben A. Rich Ben Mepham Benda Hofmeyr Benedetto Croce Benedict de Spinoza Benedict Smith Benedictus de Spinoza Benjamin Franks Benjamin R. Tilghman Benjamin Rand Bernard Arthur Owen Williams Bernard Berofsky Bernard Bolzano Bernard Bosanquet Bernard E. 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