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بایگانی‌های 9780548181492 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Wired Homestead

by J. Turow

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Subject: Computers And Families, Computers And Family, Internet - Social Aspects,

The use of the internet in homes rivals the advent of the telephone, radio, or television in social significance. Daily use of the World Wide Web and e-mail is taken for granted in many families, and the computer-linked internet is becoming an integral part of the physical and audiovisual environment. The internet’s features of personalization, interactivity, and information abundance raise profound new issues for parents and children.Most researchers studying the impact of the internet on families begin with the assumption that the family is the central influence in preparing a child to live in society and that home is where that influence takes place. In The Wired Homestead, communication theorists and social scientists offer recent findings on the effects of the internet on the lives of the family unit and its members. The book examines historical precedents of parental concern over “new” media such as television. It then looks at specific issues surrounding parental oversight of internet use, such as rules about revealing personal information, time limits, and web site restrictions. It looks at the effects of the web on both domestic life and entire neighborhoods. The wealth of information offered and the formulation of emerging issues regarding parents and children lay the foundation for further research in this developing field. The contributors include Robert Kraut, Jorge Reina Schement, Ellen Seiter, Sherry Turkle, Ellen Wartella, and Barry Wellman.

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stoicism and emotion

by Margaret Graver

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Subject: Emotions (Philosophy), Stoics,

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REALWORLD JUSTICE

by Andreas Føllesdal

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Subject: Cosmopolitanism, Human Rights, International Agencies, Poverty - Moral And Ethical Aspects,

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Did My Neurons Make Me Do It?

by Nancey Murphy

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Subject: Cognitive Neuroscience, Electronic Books, Ethics,

If humans are purely physical, and if it is the brain that does the work formerly assigned to the mind or soul, then how can it fail to be the case that all of our thoughts and actions are determined by the laws of neurobiology? If this is the case, then free will, moral responsibility, and, indeed, reason itself would appear to be in jeopardy. Nancey Murphy and Warren S. Brown here defend a non-reductive version of physicalism whereby humans are (sometimes) the authors of their own thoughts and actions. Did My Neurons Make Me Do It? brings together insights from both philosophy and the cognitive neurosciences to defeat neurobiological reductionism. One resource is a “post-Cartesian” account of mind as essentially embodied and constituted by action-feedback-evaluation-action loops in the environment, and “scaffolded” by cultural resources. Another is a non-mysterious account of downward (mental) causation explained in terms of a complex, higher-order system exercising constraints on lower-level causal processes. These resources are intrinsically related: the embeddedness of brain events in action-feedback loops is the key to their mentality, and those broader systems have causal effects on the brain itself. With these resources Murphy and Brown take on two problems in philosophy of mind: a response to the charges that physicalists cannot account for the meaningfulness of language nor the causal efficacy of the mental qua mental. Solutions to these problems are a prerequisite to addressing the central problem of the book: how can biological organisms be free and morally responsible? The authors argue that the free-will problem is badly framed if it is put in terms of neurobiological determinism; the real issue is neurobiological reductionism. If it is indeed possible to make sense of the notion of downward causation, then the relevant question is whether humans exert downward causation over some of their own parts and processes. If all organisms do this to some extent, what needs to be added to this animalian flexibility to constitute free and responsible action? The keys are sophisticated language and hierarchically ordered cognitive processes allowing (mature) humans to evaluate their own actions, motives, goals, and rational and moral principles.

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Emile Durkheim on Morality and Society (Heritage of Sociology Series)

by Emile Durkheim

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Subject: Social Ethics, Social Science / General, Social Science / Sociology / General, Sociology,

Emile Durkheim is best known in this country as a great sociologist and methodologist. Yet it was Durkheim’s reflections on morality and society that spoke most deeply of his vital concerns. In his informative introduction to this work, Robert N. Bellah describes Durkheim as moralist, philosopher, theologian, and prophet, as well as sociologist, and the selections in this volume are representative of these aspects of Durkheim’s many-faceted scholarship. The first two selections of the volume set the context for the development of Durkheim’s sociology of morality. Section I, “The French Tradition of Social Thought,” gives Durkheim’s picture of how his sociology is to be situated relative to the general French tradition. Section II, “Sociology and Social Action,” shows Durkheim grappling with moral and political issues in his society and indicates the immediate social context of his thinking. The remaining selections indicate some of the major substantive areas of Durkheim’s sociology of morality. Section III, taken from The Division of Labor in Society, demonstrates his basically evolutionary approach to the development of moral norms in society. Section IV, “The Learning of Morality,” gives examples of Durkheim’s work on socialization. Section V, “Social Creativity,” deals with the important question of how new moral norms arise in society.

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