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بایگانی‌های 978-0-415-97775-3 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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A Natural Law Approach to Normativity

by Bebhinn Donnelly

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Subject: ,

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The Right to Die (Point/Counterpoint)

by John E. Ferguson Jr.

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Subject: Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, Medical Ethics, Right To Die,

Is there a “right to die”? Should the elderly or the terminally ill be allowed to take their own lives? Should the families of comatose patients be permitted to decide when to “pull the plug”? Do “living wills” have full legal standing? Questions like these have been brought to the forefront of national attention by cases such as the battle in Terri Schiavo’s family. Offering excerpts from court decisions, plenty of full-color photographs, and other essential resources, “The Right to Die” examines this incendiary issue by illuminating the arguments from both sides.

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Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences

by Seumas Miller

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Subject: Biological Warfare - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Biological Warfare - Philosophy, Biological Warfare - Prevention, Biology - Research,

The dual-use dilemma arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of scientific research sometimes has the potential to be used for harmful as well as good purposes. Discoveries that may lead to important advances in science and medicine might therefore also facilitate development of biological weapons of mass destruction. Scientists should be aware of the ways in which their well-intentioned research could be misused by others – and they should sometimes avoid research projects when the potential for harmful misuse is great. Policy makers must make tough choices about the extent to which the dual-use nature of research might justify increased oversight, regulation, and perhaps even censorship of science. This book examines the kinds of life-science experiments that give rise to the dual-use dilemma and provides philosophical analysis of the ethical issues and policy options surrounding dual-use research. Though the dual-use dilemma is an ethical issue, the vast majority of literature on the topic thus far has been written by scientists and security experts: this is the first book-length treatment of the topic by professional ethicists. It also challenges, and offers an alternative perspective to, the hugely influential U.S. National Research Council position on the dual-use dilemma.

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Freedom and ethics in the press

by Julian Adams

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Subject: Freedom Of The Press, Freedom Of The Press - United States, Journalism, Journalism, School,

Presents a general survey of the concept of freedom of the press on both professional and scholastic levels.

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Created from animals

by James Rachels

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Subject: Evolution - Moral And Ethical Aspects,

From Bishop Wilberforce in the 1860s to the advocates of “creation science” today, defenders of traditional mores have condemned Darwin’s theory of evolution as a threat to society’s values. Darwin’s defenders, like Stephen Jay Gould, have usually replied that there is no conflict between science and religion–that values and biological facts occupy separate realms. But as James Rachels points out in this thought-provoking study, Darwin himself would disagree with Gould. Darwin, who had once planned on being a clergyman, was convinced that natural selection overthrew our age-old religious beliefs. Created from Animals offers a provocative look at how Darwinian evolution undermines many tenets of traditional philosophy and religion. James Rachels begins by examining Darwin’s own life and work, presenting an astonishingly vivid and compressed biography. We see Darwin’s studies of the psychological links in evolution (such as emotions in dogs, and the “mental powers” of worms), and how he addressed the moral implications of his work, especially in his concern for the welfare of animals. Rachels goes on to present a lively and accessible survey of the controversies that followed in Darwin’s wake, ranging from Herbert Spencer’s Social Darwinism to Edward O. Wilson’s sociobiology, and discusses how the work of such influential intellects as Descartes, Hume, Kant, T.H. Huxley, Henri Bergson, B.F. Skinner, and Stephen Jay Gould has contributed to–or been overthrown by–evolutionary science. Western philosophy and religion, Rachels argues, have been shaken by the implications of Darwin’s work, most notably the controversial idea that humans are simply a more complex kind of animal. Rachels assesses a number of studies that suggest how closely humans are linked to other primates in behavior, and then goes on to show how this idea undercuts the work of many prominent philosophers. Kant’s famous argument that suicide reduces one to the level of an animal, for instance, is meaningless if humans are, in fact, animals. Indeed, humanity’s membership in the animal kingdom calls into question the classic notions of human dignity and the sacredness of human life. What we need now, Rachels contends, is a philosophy that does not discriminate between different species, one that addresses each being on an individual basis. With this sweeping survey of the arguments, the philosophers, and the deep implications surrounding Darwinism, Rachels lays the foundations for a new view of morality. Vibrantly written and provocatively argued, Created from Animals offers a new perspective on issues ranging from suicide to euthanasia to animal rights.

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