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بایگانی‌های 0-674-62443-2 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Not Passion’s Slave

by Robert C. Solomon

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Subject: Philosophy / Free Will & Determinism, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Movements / Humanism,

The idea that we are in some significant sense responsible for our emotions is an idea that Robert Solomon has developed for almost three decades. Here, in a single volume, he traces the development of this theory of emotions and elaborate it in detail. Two themes run through his work: the first presents a “cognitive” theory of emotions in which emotions are construed primarily as evaluative judgments. The second proposes an “existentialist” perspective in which he defends the idea that, as we are responsible for our emotions. Indeed, sometimes it even makes sense to say that we “choose” them. While the first claim has gained increasing currency in the literature, his claim about responsibility for emotions has continued to meet with considerable resistance and misinterpretation. The new emphasis on evolutionary biology and neurology has (mistakenly) reinforced the popular prejudice that emotions “happen” to us and are entirely beyond our control. This volume is also a kind of intellectual memoir of Solomon1s own development as a thinker. The essays written in the 1980s elaborate the themes of the “intentionality” of emotion and the claim that emotions are “judgments”; in this period, he is also increasingly preoccupied with how emotions vary and are identified in a variety of cultures. In the 1990’s, his interests evolve to consider the social and political role of emotions and theories about emotion. The final section presents his current philosophical position on the seeming “passivity” of the passions. Despite his own critical assessment of his earlier work, he continues to argue that, in the final analysis, we are responsible for our emotions and existential quality of our lives.

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ACTION AND RESPONSIBILITY

by Andrew Sneddon

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Subject: Act (Philosophy), Events (Philosophy), Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General,

What makes an event count as an action? Typical answers appeal to the way in which the event was produced: e.g., perhaps an arm movement is an action when caused by mental states (in particular ways), but not when caused in other ways. Andrew Sneddon argues that this type of answer, which he calls “productionism”, is methodologically and substantially mistaken. In particular, productionist answers to this question tend to be either individualistic or foundationalist, or both, without explicit defence. Instead, Sneddon offers an externalist, anti-foundationalist account of what makes an event count as an action, which he calls neo-ascriptivism, after the work of H.L.A. Hart. Specifically, Sneddon argues that our practices of attributing moral responsibility to each other are at least partly constitutive of events as actions.

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Scanlon and Contractualism

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Subject: Contractarianism (Ethics),

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