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بایگانی‌های 849 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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MORAL ECONOMY

by Ralph Barton Perry

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Subject: ,

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Contemporary Moral Issues: Diversity and Consensus

by Lawrence M. Hinman

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Subject: Ethical Problems - Textbooks,

This anthology provides a comprehensive selection of readings on eleven contemporary social issues revolving around three general themes: Matters of Life and Death, Matters of Equality and Diversity, and Expanding the Circle (duties beyond borders, living together with animals, and environmental ethics). Each group of readings is accompanied by narrative selections that present the moral issues from a first person point of view; an extensive introduction surveys the problems and issues; and a bibliographical essay to relevant additional literature. Each selection is accompanied by pre- and post-reading questions. An ethical self-inventory–with pre-test and post-test–helps readers track changes in their own beliefs as they work through the readings, and a special section shows readers step-by-step how develop a personal position on ethical issues. A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Problems. How to Develop a Position on Ethical Issues. MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH: Abortion; Genetic Manipulation and Cloning; Euthanasia; Punishment and the Death Penalty. MATTERS OF EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY: Race and Ethnicity; Gender; Sexual Orientation; Poverty and Welfare; EXPANDING THE CIRCLE: Duties Beyond Borders; Living Together with Animals; Environmental Ethics. For anyone interested in Ethics, Social Ethics, and Contemporary Moral Problems.

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Self-Knowledge and Self-Deception

by Strandberg Hugo

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Subject: Ethics, Self (Philosophy), Self-deception, Self-knowledge, Theory Of,

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Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots

by Ronald Arkin

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Subject: Autonomous Robots - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Military Ethics, Military Robots - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Robotics - Military Applications,

Expounding on the results of the author’s work with the US Army Research Office, DARPA, the Office of Naval Research, and various defense industry contractors, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots explores how to produce an “artificial conscience” in a new class of robots, humane-oids, which are robots that can potentially perform more ethically than humans in the battlefield. The author examines the philosophical basis, motivation, theory, and design recommendations for the implementation of an ethical control and reasoning system in autonomous robot systems, taking into account the Laws of War and Rules of Engagement. The book presents robot architectural design recommendations for Post facto suppression of unethical behavior, Behavioral design that incorporates ethical constraints from the onset, The use of affective functions as an adaptive component in the event of unethical action, and A mechanism that identifies and advises operators regarding their ultimate responsibility for the deployment of autonomous systems. It also examines why soldiers fail in battle regarding ethical decisions; discusses the opinions of the public, researchers, policymakers, and military personnel on the use of lethality by autonomous systems; provides examples that illustrate autonomous systems? ethical use of force; and includes relevant Laws of War. Helping ensure that warfare is conducted justly with the advent of autonomous robots, this book shows that the first steps toward creating robots that not only conform to international law but outperform human soldiers in their ethical capacity are within reach in the future. It supplies the motivation, philosophy, formalisms, representational requirements, architectural design criteria, recommendations, and test scenarios to design and construct an autonomous robotic system capable of ethically using lethal force. Ron Arkin was quoted in a November 2010 New York Times article about robots in the military.

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Elements of Moral Philosophy, in Three Books

by David Fordyce

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Subject: Conduct Of Life, Duty, Ethics, Philosophy,

Though little known today, David Fordyce was one of the leading figures of the outburst of intellectual activity that culminated in the Scottish Enlightenment. His Elements of Moral Philosophy was one of the most widely circulated texts in moral philosophy in the second half of the eighteenth century. Apart from a very expensive facsimile edition, there has never been a modern edition of The Elements of Moral Philosophy. Moreover, the lectures in A Brief Account have never before been published. The significance of The Elements is evidenced by the fact that it was the principal work in the curriculum in moral philosophy throughout the second half of the eighteenth century. It was also included practically verbatim in the first edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

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