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Despite the pharmaceutical industry’s notable contributions to human progress, including the development of miracle drugs for treating cancer, AIDS, and heart disease, there is a growing tension between the industry and the public. Debates are raging over how the industry can and should be expected to act. In this volume leading figures in industry, government, NGOs, the medical community, and academia discuss and propose solutions to the ethical dilemmas of drug industry behavior. They examine such aspects as the role of intellectual property rights and patent protection, the moral and economic requisites of research and clinical trials, drug pricing, marketing and advertising. . Michael Santoro is Associate Professor with tenure in the Business Environment Department at Rutgers Business School, where he teaches courses on business ethics, public policy, labor and human rights, law, ethical issues in the pharmaceutical industry and China business strategy. As a Research Associate at Harvard Business School, he wrote or co-authored nearly thirty case studies and teaching notes on ethical and legal topics such as global protection of intellectual property, insider trading, the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and Fair Credit Reporting Act. Thomas Gorrie is Corporate Vice President, Government Affairs & Policy, at Johnson & Johnson, with responsiblity for all federal, state and international government affairs and policy. He completed post-doctoral studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, following the receipt of his doctorate at Princeton University. Gorrie has over 30 years of worldwide health care experience and has worked with various Johnson & Johnson companies in research and development, marketing and sales, business development, strategic planning, general management, international, venture capital, and health policy.
In this forward-looking volume the invited authors argue that the world must critically assess the potential pitfalls of new technologies in advance. Many of the developments in modern technology are complex, risky, and, to begin with, cloaked in uncertainty. How should we deal with such developments – that may not only have positive effects (such as an increase of our well-being or an improved ability to control and cure diseases) but also negative effects for human beings and the environment (such as global warming or the medicalisation of human beings)? The fact that technological ‘progress’ often occurs under conditions of uncertainty makes the issue even more pressing. Frequently, we are completely devoid of information concerning the applications of new technologies and what their impact will be on human beings and the environment. History has shown that taking a retrospective perspective by passively awaiting the practical consequences of new technologies is both dangerous and inappropriate, as often damage will already have occurred. The genie is well and truly out of the bottle and those who once had control over the new processes no longer have that power, as the science will have a momentum of its own, unheeding of belated attempts to stop it or slow it down. What is more, technology is often ‘logically malleable’, with far wider applications than even we can anticipate. Thus, say editors Sollie and Duwell, an anticipatory attitude is required towards dealing with new technology. This book addresses methodological issues with regard to the ethical evaluation of new and emerging technology. It focuses specifically on the concept of uncertainty that, unlike the notion of risk, is greatly undervalued in the field of ethics. It is a must-read for anyone involved in (ethical) technology assessment: philosophers, those involved in science and technology studies, and policy-makers alike.
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