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بایگانی‌های 662 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Good Natured

by Frans B.M. de Waal

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Subject: Animal Behavior, Ethics, Evolutionary, Human Behavior,

To observe a dog’s guilty look.to witness a gorilla’s self-sacrifice for a wounded mate, to watch an elephant herd’s communal effort on behalf of a stranded calf–to catch animals in certain acts is to wonder what moves them. Might there he a code of ethics in the animal kingdom? Must an animal be human to he humane? In this provocative book, a renowned scientist takes on those who have declared ethics uniquely human Making a compelling case for a morality grounded in biology, he shows how ethical behavior is as much a matter of evolution as any other trait, in humans and animals alike.World famous for his brilliant descriptions of Machiavellian power plays among chimpanzees-the nastier side of animal life–Frans de Waal here contends that animals have a nice side as well. Making his case through vivid anecdotes drawn from his work with apes and monkeys and holstered by the intriguing, voluminous data from his and others’ ongoing research, de Waal shows us that many of the building blocks of morality are natural: they can he observed in other animals. Through his eyes, we see how not just primates but all kinds of animals, from marine mammals to dogs, respond to social rules, help each other, share food, resolve conflict to mutual satisfaction, even develop a crude sense of justice and fairness.Natural selection may be harsh, but it has produced highly successful species that survive through cooperation and mutual assistance. De Waal identifies this paradox as the key to an evolutionary account of morality, and demonstrates that human morality could never have developed without the foundation of fellow feeling our species shares with other animals. As his work makes clear, a morality grounded in biology leads to an entirely different conception of what it means to he human–and humane.

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Educating For Moral Action

by Ruth B. Purtilo

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Subject: Medical Ethics, Occupational Therapists, Occupational Therapists/ Professional Ethics, Physical Therapists/ Professional Ethics,

This new resource is written for physical therapy and occupational therapy administrators, curriculum coordinators and educators. Stemming from the summer 2003 “Dreamcatchers” Conference, Creighton University’s “Leadership in Ethics Education,” the authors have assembled a veritable “who’s who” of PT and OT academics to share their insights regarding contemporary issues in health and rehabilitation ethics. Going beyond the “nuts and bolts” of teaching ethics, the text aims to present pedagogical strategies that will ultimately change the face of how educators think, and consequently, how they teach ethics to the next generation of health professionals.

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God’s command

by J.E. Hare

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Subject: Christian Ethics - Reformed Authors, Divine Commands (Ethics),

This work focuses on divine command, and in particular the theory that what makes something obligatory is that God commands it, and what makes something wrong is that God commands us not to do it. Focusing on the Abrahamic faiths, eminent scholar John E. Hare explains that two experiences have had to be integrated. The first is that God tells us to do something, or not to do something. The second is that we have to work out ourselves what to do and what not to do. The difficulty has come in establishing the proper relation between them. In Christian reflection on this, two main traditions have emerged, divine command theory and natural law theory. Professor Hare successfully defends a version of divine command theory, but also shows that there is considerable overlap with some versions of natural law theory. He engages with a number of Christian theologians, particularly Karl Barth, and extends into a discussion of divine command within Judaism and Islam.0The work concludes by examining recent work in evolutionary psychology, and argues that thinking of our moral obligations as produced by divine command offers us some help in seeing how a moral conscience could develop in a way that is evolutionarily stable.

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