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بایگانی‌های 3578 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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The Rights of God: Islam, Human Rights, and Comparative Ethics (Advancing Human Rights)

by Irene Oh

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Subject: Human Rights, Human Rights/ Religious Aspects/ Islam, Islam And Civil Society,

Promoting Islam as a defender of human rights is laden with difficulties. Advocates of human rights will readily point out numerous humanitarian failures carried out in the name of Islam. In The Rights of God, Irene Oh looks at human rights and Islam as a religious issue rather than a political or legal one and draws on three revered Islamic scholars to offer a broad range of perspectives that challenge our assumptions about the role of religion in human rights. The theoretical shift from the conception of morality based in natural duty and law to one of rights has created tensions that hinder a fruitful exchange between human rights theorists and religious thinkers. Does the static identification of human rights with lists of specific rights, such as those found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, make sense given the cultural, historical, and religious diversity of the societies in which these rights are to be respected and implemented? In examining human rights issues of the contemporary Islamic world, Oh illustrates how the value of religious scholarship cannot be overestimated. Oh analyzes the commentaries of Abul A’la Maududi, Sayyid Qutb, and Abdolkarim Soroush — all prominent and often controversial Islamic thinkers — on the topics of political participation, religious toleration, and freedom of conscience. While Maududi and Qutb represent traditional Islam, and Soroush a more reform and Western-friendly approach, all three contend that Islam is indeed capable of accommodating and advocating human rights. Whereas disentangling politics and culture from religion is never easy, Oh shows that the attempt must be made in order to understand and overcome the historical obstacles that prevent genuine dialogue from taking place across religious and cultural boundaries.

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Moral Objectivity

by Jeroen Klaas Goswin Hopster

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Subject: ,

“What implications do recent empirical findings from the fields of biology, primatology, anthropology, psychology and history have for metaethical theories about moral objectivity? I defend the thesis that these findings detract from the plausibility of a realist account of moral objectivity but leave room for a more moderate, antirealist account of objectivity, framed in terms of stance-invariance. The dissertation consists of six articles written for publication in academic journals. In these articles I present two novel, empirically informed challenges to moral realism, and point out some shortcomings of existing challenges. One of the novel challenges builds on the second horn of Sharon Street’s ‘Darwinian Dilemma’, according to which moral realists are committed to an implausible evolutionary hypothesis, and extends this criticism to the historical realm. The other novel challenge is fuelled by theoretical and experimental work in moral psychology, and takes issue with the presumed advantages of moral realism in explaining the qualities of our moral experience. Apart from criticizing moral realism, I also develop and defend an alternative account of moral objectivity in antirealist terms and argue that it is as least as successful as a realist account in capturing the objectivist commitments of ordinary moral discourse.”– Page 14.

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Research Ethics

by Ana Smith Iltis

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Subject: Medical,

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A Treatise on Good Works

by Martin Luther

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Subject: Philosophy,

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The ethics of biotechnology

by Jonathan Morris

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Subject: Biotechnology, Biotechnology/ Moral And Ethical Aspects, Biotechnology/ Moral And Ethical Aspects/ Popular Works, Juvenile Nonfiction / Social Science / General,

Biotechnology-the use of biological organisms and processes to provide useful products in industry and medicine-is revolutionizing our lives. From the making of cheese and wine to the production of new medicines and crops, the application of biotechnological processes to industry is wide and varied and will continue to expand in the coming decades. But no discussion of biotechnology would be complete without discussion of the ethical issues that surround this growing field. Biotechnology in the 21st Century examines the different global aspects of the biotech industry-healthcare, agriculture, data processing, and ethics-and provides the reader with the knowledge necessary to form his or her own conclusions about this exciting new field of science. Book jacket.

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