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بایگانی‌های 3252 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Invariances The Structure Of The Objective World

by Robert Nozick

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Subject: Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Free Will & Determinism, Philosophy / General,

Recent scientific advances have placed many traditional philosophical concepts under great stress. In this pathbreaking book, the eminent philosopher Robert Nozick rethinks and transforms the concepts of truth, objectivity, necessity, contingency, consciousness, and ethics. Using an original method, he presents bold new philosophical theories that take account of scientific advances in physics, evolutionary biology, economics, and cognitive neuroscience, and casts current cultural controversies (such as whether all truth is relative and whether ethics is objective) in a wholly new light. Throughout, the book is open to, and engages in, the bold exploration of new philosophical possibilities.Philosophy will never look the same. Truth is embedded in space-time and is relative to it. However, truth is not socially relative among human beings (extraterrestrials are another matter). Objective facts are invariant under specified transformations; objective beliefs are arrived at by a process in which biasing factors do not play a significant role. Necessity’s domain is contracted (there are no important metaphysical necessities; water is not necessarily H2O) while the important and useful notion of degrees of contingency is elaborated. Gradations of consciousness (based upon “common registering”) yield increasing capacity to fit actions to the world. The originating function of ethics is cooperation to mutual benefit, and evolution has instilled within humans a “normative module”: the capacities to learn, internalize, follow norms, and make evaluations. Ethics has normative force because of the connection between ethics and conscious self-awareness. Nozick brings together the book’s novel theories to show the extent to which there are objective ethical truths.

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Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy

by Bernard Williams

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Subject: Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy,

With a new foreword by Jonathan Lear’Remarkably lively and enjoyable’ŚIt is a very rich book, containing excellent descriptions of a variety of moral theories, and innumerable and often witty observations on topics encountered on the way.’ – Times Literary SupplementBernard Williams was one of the greatest philosophers of his generation. Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy is not only widely acknowledged to be his most important book, but also hailed a contemporary classic of moral philosophy. Drawing on the ideas of the Greek philosophers, Williams reorients ethics away from a preoccupation with universal moral theories towards ‘truth, truthfulness and the meaning of an individual life’. He explores and reflects upon the most difficult problems in contemporary philosophy and identifies new ideas about central issues such as relativism, objectivity and the possibility of ethical knowledge.This edition also includes a commentary on the text by A.W.Moore.At the time of his death in 2003, Bernard Williams was hailed by the Times as ‘the outstanding moral philosopher of his age.’ He taught at the Universities of Cambridge, Berkeley and Oxford and is the author of many influential books, including Morality; Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry (available from Routledge) and Truth and Truthfulness .

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Moral norms and moral order

by William Augustus Banner

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Subject: Ethics,

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What Makes Us Moral? On the capacities and conditions for being moral

by A.W. Musschenga

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Subject: Philosophy,

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Religion and Medical Ethics: Looking Back, Looking Forward (Institute of Religion Series on Religion and Health Care, No 1)

by Allen Verhey

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Subject: Congresses, Medical Ethics, Medical Ethics/ Congresses, Medicine/ Religious Aspects/ Congresses,

This collection of essays looks back at the contributions of theology to medical ethics in the past and sets an agenda for theological reflection on medical ethics in the future.

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