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بایگانی‌های 3193 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Kant’s Practical Philosophy

by Gary Banham

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Subject: Ethics, Modern, Ethics, Modern/ 18th Century, Kant, Immanuel - Ethics,

The discussion of Kant’s Practical Philosophy has been marred by viewing it as purely formalist and centered only on the categorical imperative. This important new study sets out a much more vivid account of the nature and range of Kant’s concerns demonstrating his commitment to the notion of rational religion and including extensive discussion of his treatment of evil. Culminating with accounts of property, the nature of right and virtue, this work presents Kant as a vital revolutionary thinker.

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Dimensions of Moral Theory

by Jonathan Jacobs

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Psychology And Philosophy,

“Dimensions of Moral Theory “examines the key presuppositions and philosophical commitments that support and shape moral theories. Many of the topics discussed belong to “metaethics,” the study of moral concepts, language, and thought rather than a study of moral issues themselves. Other topics are under the heading of “moral psychology” and concern fundamental issues about the nature of moral agents, moral motivation, and the roles of reason, desire, and pleasure in moral action and experience. The book introduces metaethical and moral psychological positions and arguments and shows how they are generated and why they are important. It thereby brings to light some of the most important philosophical problems raised by moral theorizing.This volume formulates these issues of moral epistemology, the metaphysics of moral value, and moral motivation in a clear and rigorous but non-technical manner.

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Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots

by Ronald Arkin

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Subject: Autonomous Robots - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Military Ethics, Military Robots - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Robotics - Military Applications,

Expounding on the results of the author’s work with the US Army Research Office, DARPA, the Office of Naval Research, and various defense industry contractors, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots explores how to produce an “artificial conscience” in a new class of robots, humane-oids, which are robots that can potentially perform more ethically than humans in the battlefield. The author examines the philosophical basis, motivation, theory, and design recommendations for the implementation of an ethical control and reasoning system in autonomous robot systems, taking into account the Laws of War and Rules of Engagement. The book presents robot architectural design recommendations for Post facto suppression of unethical behavior, Behavioral design that incorporates ethical constraints from the onset, The use of affective functions as an adaptive component in the event of unethical action, and A mechanism that identifies and advises operators regarding their ultimate responsibility for the deployment of autonomous systems. It also examines why soldiers fail in battle regarding ethical decisions; discusses the opinions of the public, researchers, policymakers, and military personnel on the use of lethality by autonomous systems; provides examples that illustrate autonomous systems? ethical use of force; and includes relevant Laws of War. Helping ensure that warfare is conducted justly with the advent of autonomous robots, this book shows that the first steps toward creating robots that not only conform to international law but outperform human soldiers in their ethical capacity are within reach in the future. It supplies the motivation, philosophy, formalisms, representational requirements, architectural design criteria, recommendations, and test scenarios to design and construct an autonomous robotic system capable of ethically using lethal force. Ron Arkin was quoted in a November 2010 New York Times article about robots in the military.

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Ethical practice in psychology

by Alfred Allan

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Subject: Professional Ethics, Psychologists/ Professional Ethics,

Close-up insights on how experts in the field are re-interpreting ethical principles to create workable policies for today and tomorrow, from the creators of the 2007 APS Code of Ethics First cooperative project between Wiley-Blackwell and the APS Offers a close-up view of how enduring ethical principles are reinvented to ensure lasting relevance in times of modernisation and professional change Will be an accredited option for APS Professional Development – the book will be built into PD workshops and also available for PD credits outside that context Essential reading for those involved in healthcare ethics internationally

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From Empedocles To Wittgenstein

by Anthony Kenny

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Subject: Philosophy, Philosophy - History, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Ancient & Classical, Philosophy / History & Surveys / General,

From Empedocles to Wittgenstein is a collection of fifteen historical essays in philosophy, written by Sir Anthony Kenny in the early years of the 21st century. In the main they are concerned with four of the great philosophers whom he most esteems, namely Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, and Wittgenstein. The author is not only one of the most respected historians of philosophy, and possibly the widest-ranging, but also one of the most successful at writing on the subject for a broad readership. In this volume he presents scholarly explorations of some themes which caught his interest as he worked on his acclaimed four-volume New History of Western Philosophy.

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