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بایگانی‌های 3183 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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The Near East

by Charles Keith Maisels

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Subject: Archaeology - History - Middle East, Middle East - Civilization,

The land between the twin rivers, Tigris and Euphrates, provided ideal conditions for the growth of civilization. Fertile soil, a warm sun, and a secure supply of water were the raw materials for a succession of urban cultures. Yet until the last century, the cities of Ur of the Chaldees, Babylon, and a host of lesser city-states were almost mythical names–places lost in the desert, inaccessible in a distant province of the Ottoman Empire. Through a succession of archaeological triumphs, recounted in this book, the civilizations of the “land between the rivers” was rediscovered. However, the archaeologists, almost overwhelmed by a profusion of excavated material, rebuilt their own myths of Mesopotamian cultures. Charles Maisels follows the course of discovery over more than a century.

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G. E. MOORE: Early Philosophical Writings

by Thomas Baldwin

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Subject: Bisacsh, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern,

“G. E. Moore’s fame as a philosopher rests on his ethics of love and beauty, which inspired Bloomsbury, and on his ‘common sense’ certainties, which challenge abstract philosophical theory. Behind these themes lie his critical engagement with Kant’s idealist philosophy, which is published here for the first time. These early writings, Moore’s fellowship dissertations of 1897 and 1898, show how he initiated his influential break with idealism. In 1897 his main target was Kant’s ethics; but by 1898 it was the whole Kantian project of transcendental philosophy that he rejected, and the theory which he developed to replace it gave rise to the new project of philosophy as logical analysis. This edition includes comments by Moore’s examiners, Henry Sidgwick, Edward Caird and Bernard Bosanquet, and in a substantial introduction the editors explore the crucial importance of the dissertations to the history of twentieth-century philosophical thought”–

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Relativism

by Maria Baghramian

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Subject: Ethical Relativism, Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / General, Relativity,

‘It’s all relative’. In a world of increasing cultural diversity, it can seem that everything is indeed relative. But should we concede that there is no such thing as right and wrong, and no objective truth? Can we reconcile relativism and pluralism? Relativism surveys the different varieties of relativism and the arguments for and against them, and examines why relativism has survived for two thousand years despite all the criticisms levelled against it. Beginning with a historical overview of relativism, from Pythagoras in ancient Greece to Derrida and postmodernism, Maria Baghramian explores the resurgence of relativism throughout the history of philosophy. She then turns to the arguments for and against the many subdivisions of relativism, including Kuhn and Feyerabend’s ideas of relativism in science, Rorty’s relativism about truth, and the conceptual relativism of Quine and Putnam. Baghramian questions whether moral relativism leads to moral indifference or even nihilism, and whether feminist epistemology’s concerns about the very notion of objectivity can be considered a form of relativism. She concludes the relativism debate by assessing the recent criticisms such as Quine’s argument from translation and Davidson’s claim that even the motivations behind relativism are unintelligible. Finding these criticisms lacking, Baghramian proposes a moderate form of pluralism which addresses the legitimate worries that give rise to relativism without incurring charges of nihilism or anarchy. Relativism is essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary philosophy, sociology and politics.

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Freedom and Resentment

by P.F. Strawson

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Subject: Free Will And Determinism, Philosophy,

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