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بایگانی‌های 576.84 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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The family, medical decision-making, and biotechnology

by Shui Chuen Lee

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Subject: Medical / Family & General Practice, Medical / General, Science / Biotechnology,

East Asian medicine, biomedical research, and health care policy are framed by their own set of moral and cultural commitments. Chief among these is the influence of Confucian ideas. A rich portrayal is offered of the implications of Confucian moral and ontological understandings for medical decision-making, human embryonic stem cell research, and health care financing. What is offered is a multifaceted insight into what distinguishes East Asian bioethical reflections. This volume opens with an exploration of the Confucian recognition of the family as an entity existing in its own right and which is not reducible to its members or their interests. As the essays in this volume show, this recognition of the family supports a notion of family autonomy that contrasts with Western individualistic accounts of proper medical decision-making. There are analyses of basic concepts as well as explorations of their implications for actual medical practice. The conflicts in East Asian countries between traditional Confucian and Western bioethics are explored as well as the tension between the new reproductive technologies and traditional understandings of the family. The studies of East Asian reflections concerning the moral status of human embryos and the morality of human embryo stem cell research disclose a set of concerns quite different from those anchored in Christian and Muslim cultural perspectives. The volume closes with an exploration of how Confucian cultural resources can be drawn upon to meet the contemporary challenges of health care financing.

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Locke On Toleration

by John Locke

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Subject: History / Social History, Philosophy / General, Religious Tolerance, Religious Tolerance - History - 17th Century,

“A Letter Concerning Toleration is an English translation of a Latin work, the Epistola de Tolerantia , that John Locke wrote towards the end of the year 1685, while living – often in hiding – in the Dutch Republic. The Epistola was not however published until 1689, after Locke’s return to England, and the English translation followed very shortly after. It soon met with a critical reply, in a pamphlet written by the Oxford chaplain Jonas Proast, which was to launch a polemical exchange in the course of which Locke wrote three further defences of his argument for toleration. Unlike the Epistola/Letter (hereafter: Letter ), which is intense and compactly expressed, these defences are lengthy and often repetitive. But they comprise Locke’s most fully elaborated statement of his case; they are valuable, too, because the pressure of controversy led him to clarify the priorities among his arguments”–

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Professionalism And Ethics

by Laura Weiss Roberts

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Subject: Mental Health Personnel, Mental Health Personnel - Professional Ethics, Mental Health Personnel/ Professional Ethics/ Programmed Instruction, Psychiatric Ethics,

This first book of its kind for the medical profession brings the real-world translation of ethics to the care of patients, conduct of protocols, and training of professionals. An interactive, case-oriented approach to mental health ethics, Professionalism and Ethics: Q & A Self-Study Guide for Mental Health Professionals consists of questions and answers developed by the authors and fourteen contributors from backgrounds as diverse as family medicine, research ethics, social psychology, and public health. They draw on personal experience in the care of people with mental illness, in mental health research, and in clinical training to generate scenarios that pose ethical questions. Some questions are narrow and to the point, such as responding to a suspicion of child abuse; others require a more nuanced approach, such as dealing with conflict of interest posed by a pharmaceutical company. They then resolve these questions in alignment with an understanding of ethical principles, the standards of their fields, the law, and the expectations of mental health professionals. The brief case descriptions that frame each ethical question echo the real-life complexities of clinical practice and are presented in single-answer, multiple-choice format modeled after key medical licensure and specialty certification organizations. Following an overview of ethics and professionalism, questions cover four broad areas: core concepts, clinical care, medical research, and interactions with colleagues and trainees. Explanations following the questions offer background information about relevant ethical concepts and related legal and clinical considerations. A subsequent section features another set of questions for self-assessment, followed by answers with citations to appropriate references. The book’s overall approach is geared to underscore the following areas of concern: • Essential ethical skills, such as understanding how personal values affect patient care, recognizing high-risk situations in which ethical problems arise, and building ethical safeguards• Core ethical principles, including nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, respect, justice, veracity, fidelity, and privacy• Key clinical ethics issues, including maintaining therapeutic boundaries, patient non-abandonment, informed consent and treatment refusal, alternative decision making and advance directives, confidentiality, reporting colleague misconduct, and caring for difficult patients. Trainees and experienced clinicians alike will be richly rewarded by considering the dilemmas posed here. Developed with an extensive review process, reference verifications, and iterative crosschecks, this book facilitates professionalism as a core competency in medicine as it instills the need for ongoing consideration of ethical behaviors and principles in the daily practice of psychiatry.

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God, philosophy, universities

by Alasdair C. MacIntyre

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Subject: Philosophy,

‘What does it mean to be a human being?’ Given this perennial question, Alasdair MacIntyre, one of America’s preeminent philosophers, presents a compelling argument on the necessity and importance of philosophy. Because of a need to better understand Catholic philosophical thought, especially in the context of its historical development and realizing that philosophers interact within particular social and cultural situations, MacIntyre offers this brief history of Catholic philosophy. Tracing the idea of God through different philosophers’ engagement of God and how this engagement has played out in universities, MacIntyre provides a valuable, lively, and insightful study of the disintegration of academic disciplines with knowledge. MacIntyre then demonstrates the dangerous implications of this happening and how universities can and ought to renew a shared understanding of knowledge in their mission. This engaging work will be a benefit and a delight to all readers.

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