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Islamic Biomedical Ethics

by Abdulaziz Sachedina

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Subject: Bioethical Issues, Bioethics, Bioethics/ Religious Aspects/ Islam, Medical Ethics,

Biomedical ethics is a burgeoning academic field with complex and far-reaching consequences. Whereas in Western secular bioethics this subject falls within larger ethical theories and applications (utilitarianism, deontology, teleology, and the like), Islamic biomedical ethics has yet to find its natural academic home in Islamic studies. In this pioneering work, Abdulaziz Sachedina – a scholar with life-long academic training in Islamic law – relates classic Muslim religious values to the new ethical challenges that arise from medical research and practice. He depends on Muslim legal theory, but then looks deeper than juridical practice to search for the underlying reasons that determine the rightness or wrongness of a particular action. Drawing on the work of diverse Muslim theologians, he outlines a form of moral reasoning that can derive and produce decisions that underscore the spirit of the Shari’a. These decisions, he argues, still leave room to revisit earlier decisions and formulate new ones, which in turn need not be understood as absolute or final. After laying out this methodology, he applies it to a series of ethical questions surrounding the human life-cycle from birth to death, including such issues as abortion, euthanasia, and organ donation. The implications of Sachedina’s work are broad. His writing is unique in that it aims at conversing with Jewish and Christian ethics, moving beyond the Islamic fatwa literature to search for a common language of moral justification and legitimization among the followers of the Abrahamic traditions. He argues that Islamic theological ethics be organically connected with the legal tradition of Islam to enable it to sit in dialogue with secular and scripture-based bioethics in other faith communities. A breakthrough in Islamic bioethical studies, this volume is welcome and long-overdue reading for anyone interested in facing the difficult questions posed by modern medicine not only to the Muslim faithful but to the ethically-minded at large.

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Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Mill on Utilitarianism

by Roger Crisp

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Subject: Mill, Mill, John Stuart, Philosophy / General, Utilitarianism,

John Stuart Mill’sUtilitarianismis one of the most important philosophical works of the nineteenth century. Its advocacy of utilitarianism–the view that individual and political action should be directed at the “greatest happiness”–not only influenced political life, but attracted a great deal of criticism. This is the first book dedicated to the interpretation and critical discussion of this significant work.

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Questioning Cosmopolitanism

by Stan van Hooft

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Subject: Cosmopolitanism/ Congresses, Internationalism/ Congresses, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Political,

This book aims to provide cutting edge essays by leading scholars on cosmopolitanism. Cosmopolitanism is an emerging movement in global ethics and provides a meeting point between theorists of international law, political science, political philosophy, applied ethics, economics, development studies, and international relations. The second International Conference of the International Global Ethics Association will be held in Melbourne, Australia in June 2008 on the theme of Questioning Cosmopolitanism and will attract major scholars from around the world. It is envisaged that the best essays from this conference will be published in the proposed book.

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After Virtue

by Alasdair MacIntyre

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Subject: Ethics, Virtue, Virtues,

“When After Virtue first appeared in 1981, it was recognized as a significant and potentially controversial critique of contemporary moral philosophy. Newsweek called it “a stunning new study of ethics by one of the foremost moral philosophers in the English-speaking world.” Now, twenty-five years later, the University of Notre Dame Press is pleased to release the third edition of After Virtue, which includes a new prologue “After Virtue after a Quarter of a Century.”” “In this classic work, Alasdair MacIntyre examines the historical and conceptual roots of the idea of virtue, diagnoses the reasons for its absence in personal and public life, and offers a tentative proposal for its recovery. While the individual chapters are wide-ranging, once pieced together they comprise a penetrating and focused argument about the price of modernity.”–BOOK JACKET.

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Ethical Decision Making in Everyday Work Situations

by Mary Ellen Guy

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Subject: Business Ethics, Decision Making, Decision Making/ Moral And Ethical Aspects,

This book takes a new approach to ethics by focusing on the kinds of dilemmas that confront people almost daily on the job. The author’s unique contribution is to meld philosophy with everyday decisionmaking, offering the reader a common sense approach to making ethical decisions. Mary Guy introduces ten core values which surround ethical dilemmas, demonstrating the way in which personnel can sensitize themselves to the values involved in a problem and reach a solution which maximizes the important values. Real-life case examples illustrate ethical dilemmas that involve personnel practices, organizing strategies, reporting functions, supervisory practices, whistleblowing, and more. Throughout, the author emphasizes the kinds of concerns which confront the vast majority of employees–from ambitious entry-level personnel to top executives. Realistic in tone, the discussion acknowledges the inevitable need to make compromises, showing how to optimize ethical values situations that arise on the job and for which no formal rules exist. In her introductory chapter, Guy defines ethics, clarifies the relationship between ethical behavior and morality, and presents the ten guiding values that serve as the foundation for ethical decisions. Turning to a focus on decisionmaking, she explores such issues as the theoretical framework for rational decisionmaking, rational decisionmaking in real life, the application of ethical analysis to decisionmaking, and the definition of ethical decisionmaking. The four subsequent chapters present case studies of problems that personnel commonly encounter. In each case, Guy examines the ethical issues involved, applies various scenarios for reaching an ethical decision, and demonstrates the tension that exists among ethical decisionmaking, coping with daily exigencies, and accommodating the preferences of stakeholders. The concluding chapter summarizes the relationship between ethics and decisionmaking and offers a prescription for ensuring ethical decisionmaking throughout the organization. Must reading for managers in business, government, and not-for-profit organizations, this book is also an excellent supplemental text for advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses in business and public administration.

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