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We tend to suppose that the ancient Greeks had primitive ideas of the self, of responsibility, freedom, and shame, and that now humanity has advanced from these to a more refined moral consciousness. Bernard Williams’s original and radical book questions this picture of Western history. While we are in many ways different from the Greeks, Williams claims that the differences are not to be traced to a shift in these basic conceptions of ethical life. We are more like the ancients than we are prepared to acknowledge, and only when this is understood can we properly grasp our most important differences from them, such as our rejection of slavery.The author is a philosopher, but much of his book is directed to writers such as Homer and the tragedians, whom he discusses as poets and not just as materials for philosophy. At the center of his study is the question of how we can understand Greek tragedy at all, when its world is so far from ours.Williams explains how it is that when the ancients speak, they do not merely tell us about themselves, but about ourselves. Shame and Necessity gives a new account of our relations to the Greeks, and helps us to see what ethical ideas we need in order to live in the modern world.
This book provides a comprehensive collection of influential essays that present a balanced survey of the major ideas that have come out of this area of study in the last two decades. Each article has been carefully chosen to enable any student of political philosophy to grasp the main debates within the topic. Clearly divided into two parts, Part One deals with fundamental philosophical issues: the nature of social explanation; distributive justice and liberalism and communitarianism. Part Two contains seminal papers in more specific areas: citizenship and multiculturalism; nationalism; democracy and criminal justice. Readings from the following thinkers are included: Lukes, Nozick, Rawls, Parekh, Walzer, Elster, Frankfurt, Gutmann, Barry, Duff, Cohen, Parfit, Taylor, Scruton, von Hirsch, Wright, Sandel, Young, MacIntyre. The readings represent a range of views and demonstrate the richness of the philosophical contribution to political thought. Each section has an introduction by theeditors that situates the papers in the ongoing debate and Further Reading sections feature at the end of each chapter.
The quickest way for someone to establish proof of creation of an invention is to file a provisional patent application (PPA), a shortened version of a patent application. This book takes readers step-by-step through the process of drafting and filing a PPA within 24 hours, explaining how to: – search for prior art- organize data- use charts and tables- create illustrations- assemble the PPAPatent Pending in 24 Hours also discusses the advantages and limitations of, and alternatives to, PPAs, and covers what happens after submitting one to the Patent and Trademark Office, including: – what happens if an invention is modified- whether an inventor needs a nondisclosure agreement when pitching a creation- how to mark an invention with “Patent Pending”
Creative Moralityis a philosophical study of moral dilemmas which is designed to heighten our awareness of the ethical systems on which most of us base our moral decisions. Don MacNiven provides a theoretical basis for critical discussion of these systems and contributes to the development of a comprehensive ethical theory which is suitable for contemporary moral problems. Western moral thought has relied upon two basic ethical perspectives to resolve dilemmas utilitarianism and Kantianism. Don MacNiven argues that no real progress can be made with modern moral problems unless these traditions are coherently synthesized. He examines a diverse range of topics such as academic honesty, confidentiality of medical records, terrorism, experiments with human subjects, euthanasia, bribery and environmental issues. The book develops a new moral epistemology based on the hypothesis that moral thought is inherently creative rather than mechanical. The hypothetical dilemmas usedin the book are based on real life situations, so that theory can be tested against reality. The solutions offered from all perspectives are hypothetical rather than definitive, involving the restructuring of personal and social affairs in ways that adequately express their conflicting values. In order to solve moral dilemmas, MacNiven argues, we need both personal and social growth, which requires creativity in both thought and action. Creative Moralitymakes an important contribution to the development of a comprehensive ethical theory which can address complex moral problems. It integrates ethical theory and practice in unique ways that will appeal to the general educated reader as well as the professional ethicist.
ما از اخلاق چه انتظاری داریم؟ این سوال شاید تاحدودی برای عموم مردم و یا متخصصان این رشته قابل پاسخ باشد؛ اینکه خوب بودن را به ما بیاموزد و در تنظیم روابط فردی م...
جشن کتاب تهران به ایستگاه سی و یکم رسیده است. حال و احوال نشر کتاب خوب نیست و باید فرهنگدوستان را به خرید و هدیه دادن کتاب ترغیب نمود. خانه اخلاقپژوهان جوان ب...
بنیاد کتابهای اخلاق اسلامی عمدتا پالایش جان از آلودگیها و آراستن آن به زیباییها است. اندیشه محوری این قبیل کتابها آن است که انسان فعلی آنی نیست که باید باشد...
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