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بایگانی‌های Ruth Chadwick - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Sports, Virtues and Vices

by Mike McNamee

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Subject: ,

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Neonatal Bioethics

by Dr. John D. Lantos MD

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Subject: History, 20th Century - United States, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal - Ethics - United States, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal - Trends - United States, Intensive Care, Neonatal - Ethics - United States,

Neonatal intensive care has been one of the most morally controversial areas of medicine during the past thirty years. This study examines the interconnected development of four key aspects of neonatal intensive care: medical advances, ethical analysis, legal scrutiny, and econometric evaluation.The authors assert that a dramatic shift in societal attitudes toward newborns and their medical care was a stimulus for and then a result of developments in the medical care of newborns. They divide their analysis into three eras of neonatal intensive care. The first, characterized by the rapid advance of medical technology from the late 1960s to the Baby Doe case of 1982, established neonatal care as a legitimate specialty of medical care, separate from the rest of pediatrics and medicine. During this era, legal scholars and moral philosophers debated the relative importance of parental autonomy, clinical prognosis, and children’s rights. The second era, beginning with the Baby Doe case (a legal battle that spurred legislation mandating that infants with debilitating birth defects be treated unless the attending physician deems efforts to prolong life “futile”), stimulated efforts to establish a consistent federal standard on neonatal care decisions and raised important moral questions concerning the meaning of “futility” and of “inhumane” treatment. In the third era, a consistent set of decision-making criteria and policies was established. These policies were the result of the synergy and harmonization of newly agreed upon ethical principles and newly discovered epidemiological characteristics of neonatal care.Tracing the field’s recent history, notable advances, and considerable challenges yet to be faced, the authors present neonatal bioethics as a paradigm of complex conversation among physicians, philosophers, policy makers, judges, and legislators which has led to responsible societal oversight of a controversial medical innovation.

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JUSTICE, POLITICAL LIBERALISM, AND UTILITARIANISM

by Edited by Marc Fleurbaey

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Subject: Justice, Liberalism, Utilitarianism,

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Objectivity in Law and Morals

by Brian Leiter

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Subject: Law, Law - Philosophy, Law And Ethics,

“The seven original essays, written by some of the world’s most distinguished moral and legal philosophers, bring a sophisticated philosophical perspective to bear on issues about the objectivity of legal interpretation and judicial decision making. They examine the intersection between objectivity in ethics and objectivity in law in the positivist and natural law traditions, and they develop a variety of approaches, constructive and critical, to the fundamental problems about the objectivity of morality. One of the key issues explored is that of the alleged “domain-specificity” of conceptions of objectivity, that is, whether there is a conception of objectivity, appropriate for ethics that is different in kind from the conception of objectivity appropriate for the sciences and other domains.”–BOOK JACKET.

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INTEGRITY AND MORAL RELATIVISM

by Samuel Fleischacker

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Subject: Architecture / Interior Design / General, Ethical Relativism, Integrity,

Programs of ethical relativism notoriously face two great difficulties: 1) how can they account for our need to make ethical judgements about other groups and individuals with whom we come into conflict? and 2) how can they allow for us to criticize the group, set of desires, etc. to which our ethical norms are said to be relative? “Integrity and Moral Relativism develops a moderate version of cultural relativism that can answer these questions. After examining and defending the notion of a “world-picture,” and of incommensurable differences across world-pictures, the book brings its theoretical framework together with the history of anthropology to argue that a culture is indeed the appropriate expression of a world picture. It then draws on literary, philosophical and historical resources to illustrate the way in which Western society, specifically, contains traditions distinguishing legitimate cross-cultural judgment, and legitimate from illegitimate cultural self-criticism. As long as there is a language for these possibilities, an individual can see ethics as culturally based without compromising his or her integrity.

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نتایج برای : Ruth Chadwick
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