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بایگانی‌های Mark A. Ratner - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Neonatal Bioethics

by Dr. John D. Lantos MD

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Subject: History, 20th Century - United States, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal - Ethics - United States, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal - Trends - United States, Intensive Care, Neonatal - Ethics - United States,

Neonatal intensive care has been one of the most morally controversial areas of medicine during the past thirty years. This study examines the interconnected development of four key aspects of neonatal intensive care: medical advances, ethical analysis, legal scrutiny, and econometric evaluation.The authors assert that a dramatic shift in societal attitudes toward newborns and their medical care was a stimulus for and then a result of developments in the medical care of newborns. They divide their analysis into three eras of neonatal intensive care. The first, characterized by the rapid advance of medical technology from the late 1960s to the Baby Doe case of 1982, established neonatal care as a legitimate specialty of medical care, separate from the rest of pediatrics and medicine. During this era, legal scholars and moral philosophers debated the relative importance of parental autonomy, clinical prognosis, and children’s rights. The second era, beginning with the Baby Doe case (a legal battle that spurred legislation mandating that infants with debilitating birth defects be treated unless the attending physician deems efforts to prolong life “futile”), stimulated efforts to establish a consistent federal standard on neonatal care decisions and raised important moral questions concerning the meaning of “futility” and of “inhumane” treatment. In the third era, a consistent set of decision-making criteria and policies was established. These policies were the result of the synergy and harmonization of newly agreed upon ethical principles and newly discovered epidemiological characteristics of neonatal care.Tracing the field’s recent history, notable advances, and considerable challenges yet to be faced, the authors present neonatal bioethics as a paradigm of complex conversation among physicians, philosophers, policy makers, judges, and legislators which has led to responsible societal oversight of a controversial medical innovation.

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AN ESSAY ON MORAL OBLIGATION

by Thomas Johnson

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Subject: Religion,

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Plato 2

by Gail Fine

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy, Ancient, Plato, Politics,

These two volumes, edited by the distinguished Cornell University Plato scholar Gail Fine, contain some 37 articles on various aspects of Plato’s philosophy. Most of the articles have been previously published, although some have been revised for these volumes. None dates from before 1970 and almost all are by scholars from the English-speaking world. These volumes will be widely understood to be doing for Plato scholarship in the last thirty years what the three well-known volumes edited by Gregory Vlastos (two on Plato, one on Socrates) did for Plato scholarship in the period between the end of World War II and 1970. Just as Vlastos attempted to assemble the best of Anglo-American scholarship to provide a snapshot of the contemporary ‘state-of-the-art,’ so Fine’s volumes will no doubt be taken to have done the same. Remarkably, most of the essays in Fine’s volumes cover a range of topics and employ a method strikingly similar to those in Vlastos’ volumes.

The quality of the essays is uniformly very high. A number of them will become or already have become standard starting-points for further discussion of a topic. A re-reading of the essays in the Vlastos volumes after reading these would no doubt be illuminating. Having said this much, it is truly remarkable that in roughly 1000 pages of material there is hardly even a mention of approaches to Plato in the last generation other than that of what can best be termed the Anglo-American analytic tradition.

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Illiberal justice

by Schaefer David Lewis

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Subject: Justice, Liberalism, Liberalism/ United States,

“Schaefer challenges John Rawls’s practically sacrosanct status among scholars of political theory, law, and ethics by demonstrating how Rawls’s teachings deviate from the core tradition of American constitutional liberalism toward libertarianism”–Provided by publisher.

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Practical Ethics

by Viscount Herbert Louis Samuel Samuel

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Subject: ,

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نتایج برای : Mark A. Ratner
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