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بایگانی‌های Madsen Richard - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE BOUNDARIES OF COMMUNITY

by Marion Smiley

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Subject: Blame, Pragmatism, Responsibility,

The question of responsibility plays a critical role not only in our attempts to resolve social and political problems, but in our very conceptions of what those problems are. Who, for example, is to blame for apartheid in South Africa? Is the South African government responsible? What about multinational corporations that do business there? Will uncovering the “true facts of the matter” lead us to the right answer? In an argument both compelling and provocative, Marion Smiley demonstrates how attributions of blame–far from being based on an objective process of factual discovery–are instead judgments that we ourselves make on the basis of our own political and social points of view. She argues that our conception of responsibility is a singularly modern one that locates the source of blameworthiness in an individual’s free will. After exploring the flaws inherent in this conception, she shows how our judgments of blame evolve out of our configuration of social roles, our conception of communal boundaries, and the distribution of power upon which both are based. The great strength of Smiley’s study lies in the way in which it brings together both rigorous philosophical analysis and an appreciation of the dynamics of social and political practice. By developing a pragmatic conception of moral responsibility, this work illustrates both how moral philosophy can enhance our understanding of social and political practices and why reflection on these practices is necessary to the reconstruction of our moral concepts.

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Bioethics and Medical Issues in Literature (Exploring Social Issues through Literature)

by Mahala Yates Stripling

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Subject: Bioethical Issues, Bioethics, Fiction - 19th Century - History And Criticism, Fiction - 20th Century - History And Criticism,

A timely investigation of the interplay between literature and medical ethics, this book ponders AIDS, stem cell research and other topics through such works as Frankenstein, Brave New World, and One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest.

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Thinking It Through: An Introduction To Contemporary Philosophy

by Kwame Anthony Appiah

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Subject: Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern, Philosophy, Modern,

Here is a thorough, vividly written introduction to contemporary philosophy and some of the most crucial questions of human existence: the nature of mind and knowledge, the status of moral claims, the existence of God, the role of science, and the mysteries of language, among them. In Thinking It Through, esteemed philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah shows us what it means to “do” philosophy in our time and why it should matter to anyone who wishes to live a more thoughtful life. Opposing the common misconceptions that being a philosopher means espousing a set of philosophical beliefs, or being a follower of a particular thinker, Appiah argues that “the result of philosophical exploration is not the end of inquiry in a settled opinion, but a mind resting more comfortably among many possibilities, or else the reframing of the question, and a new inquiry.” Thinking It Through is organized around eight central topics — mind, knowledge, language, science, morality, politics, law, and metaphysics. It traces how philosophers in the past have considered each subject (how Hobbes, Wittgenstein, and Frege, for example, approached the problem of language) and then explores some of the major questions that still engage philosophers today. More important, Appiah shows us not only what philosophers have thought but how they think, giving us examples we might use in our own attempts to navigate the complex issues that confront any reflective person in the 21st century. Filled with concrete examples of how philosophers work and written in the liveliest prose, Thinking It Through guides readers through the process of philosophical reflection and enlarges our understanding of the central questions of human life.

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Ethics and Foreign Policy

by Karen Elizabeth Smith

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Subject: Diplomacy, Diplomacy/ Moral And Ethical Aspects, International Relations, International Relations - Moral And Ethical Aspects,

Governments now face complex dilemmas regarding the promotion of human rights, the punishment of crimes against humanity, and the scope for humanitarian intervention. This book offers a theoretical and empirical analysis of these issues. The contributors explore the meaning of “ethical foreign policy” and look at potential or actual instruments of ethical foreign policy-making. Finally, three case studies examine more closely developments in the foreign policies of the U.S., the U.K., and the European Union, to assess the difficulties raised by the incorporation of ethical considerations into foreign policy.

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