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Why should we avoid doing moral wrong? The inability of philosophy to answer this question in a compelling manner–along with the moral skepticism and ethical confusion that ensue–result, Stephen Darwall argues, from our failure to appreciate the essentially interpersonal character of moral obligation. After showing how attempts to vindicate morality have tended to change the subject–falling back on nonmoral values or practical, first-person considerations–Darwall elaborates the interpersonal nature of moral obligations: their inherent link to our responsibilities to one another as members of the moral community.As Darwall defines it, the concept of moral obligation has an irreducibly second-person aspect; it presupposes our authority to make claims and demands on one another. And so too do many other central notions, including those of rights, the dignity of and respect for persons, and the very concept of person itself. The result is nothing less than a fundamental reorientation of moral theory that enables it at last to account for morality’s supreme authority–an account that Darwall carries from the realm of theory to the practical world of second-person attitudes, emotions, and actions.
Creative Moralityis a philosophical study of moral dilemmas which is designed to heighten our awareness of the ethical systems on which most of us base our moral decisions. Don MacNiven provides a theoretical basis for critical discussion of these systems and contributes to the development of a comprehensive ethical theory which is suitable for contemporary moral problems. Western moral thought has relied upon two basic ethical perspectives to resolve dilemmas utilitarianism and Kantianism. Don MacNiven argues that no real progress can be made with modern moral problems unless these traditions are coherently synthesized. He examines a diverse range of topics such as academic honesty, confidentiality of medical records, terrorism, experiments with human subjects, euthanasia, bribery and environmental issues. The book develops a new moral epistemology based on the hypothesis that moral thought is inherently creative rather than mechanical. The hypothetical dilemmas usedin the book are based on real life situations, so that theory can be tested against reality. The solutions offered from all perspectives are hypothetical rather than definitive, involving the restructuring of personal and social affairs in ways that adequately express their conflicting values. In order to solve moral dilemmas, MacNiven argues, we need both personal and social growth, which requires creativity in both thought and action. Creative Moralitymakes an important contribution to the development of a comprehensive ethical theory which can address complex moral problems. It integrates ethical theory and practice in unique ways that will appeal to the general educated reader as well as the professional ethicist.
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