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بایگانی‌های Kenneth D. Crews - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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NATURE OF RATIONALITY

by Robert Nozick

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Subject: Philosophy / Epistemology, Reason, Reasoning,

Repeatedly and successfully, the celebrated Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick has reached out to a broad audience beyond the confines of his discipline, addressing ethical and social problems that matter to every thoughtful person. Here Nozick continues his search for the connections between philosophy and “ordinary” experience. In the lively and accessible style that his readers have come to expect, he offers a bold theory of rationality, the one characteristic deemed to fix humanity’s “specialness”. What are principles for? asks Nozick. We could act simply on whim, or maximize our self-interest and recommend that others do the same. As Nozick explores rationality of decision and rationality of belief, he shows how principles actually function in our day-to-day thinking and in our efforts to live peacefully and productively with one another. In Nozick’s view, misconceptions of rationality have resulted in many intractable philosophical problems. For example, the Kantian attempt to make principled behavior the sole ultimate standard of conduct extends rationality beyond its bounds. In this provocative volume, Nozick reformulates current decision theory to include the symbolic meaning of actions in areas from controlling impulses to fighting society’s war against drugs. The author proposes a new rule of rational decision, “maximizing decision-value”, which is a weighted sum of causal, evidential, and symbolic utility. In a particularly fascinating section of the book he traces the implications of this rule for the famous Prisoner’s Dilemma and for Newcomb’s Problem. Rationality of belief, according to Nozick, involves two aspects: support by reasons that make the belief credible, andgeneration by a process that reliably produces true beliefs. A new evolutionary account explains how some factual connections are instilled in us as seemingly self-evident, thus reversing the direction of Kant’s “Copernican Revolution”. Proposing a theory of rational belief that includes both the intellectual credibility of the belief and the practical consequences of believing it, Nozick also provides a fresh resolution of the “lottery paradox”. Finally, Nozick explores the scope and limits of instrumental rationality, or the effective and efficient pursuit of given goals, and suggests some new conditions on the rationality of goals. Throughout, the book combines daring speculations with detailed investigations to portray the nature and status of rationality and the essential role that imagination plays in this singular human aptitude.

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ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO V I RT U E E T H I C SV I RT U E E T H I C S

by

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Subject: Ethics, Virtue,

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Creating the Kingdom of Ends

by Christine M. Korsgaard

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Subject: Ethics, Modern, Kant, Immanuel - Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern,

Christine Korsgaard has become one of the leading interpreters of Kants moral philosophy. She is identified with a small group of philosophers who are intent on producing a version of Kants moral philosophy that is at once sensitive to its historical roots while revealing its particular relevance to contemporary problems. She rejects the traditional picture of Kants ethics as a cold vision of the moral life which emphasises duty at the expense of love and value. Rather, Kants work is seen as providing a resource for addressing not only the metaphysics of morals, but also for tackling practical questions about personal relations, politics, and everyday human interaction. This collection contains some of the finest current work on Kants ethics and will command the attention of all those involved in teaching and studying moral theory.

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Principia Ethica

by G.E. Moore

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Subject: Ethics, Etica, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General,

Principia Ethica is recognized as the definitive starting point for twentieth-century ethical theory. The text is reprinted here with the previously unpublished preface Moore wrote for a planned, but never completed, second edition. Though unfinished, it sets out clearly Moore’s second thoughts about his own work. The volume also includes two important pieces from his later ethical writings, “Free Will” and “The Conception of Intrinsic Value,” and a new introduction by Thomas Baldwin.

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