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بایگانی‌های Jane Addams - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Moral Animals

by Catherine Wilson

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Subject: Ethics, Fiction / General, Human Beings, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy,

Moral Animals offers a brand new approach to moral theory. Drawing on anthropology, sociology, and evolutionary theory, as well as philosophy of language and philosophy of science, Catherine Wilson shows how to understand and reconcile our moral aspirations for a just world with the constraints human nature places on us. This ambitious book will spark fresh debates within philosophy and across the social sciences.

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Moral Skepticisms

by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

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Subject: Electronic Books, Ethics, Skepticism,

All contentious moral issues–from gay marriage to abortion and affirmative action–raise difficult questions about the justification of moral beliefs. How can we be justified in holding on to our own moral beliefs while recognizing that other intelligent people feel quite differently and that many moral beliefs are distorted by self-interest and by corrupt cultures? Even when almost everyone agrees–e.g. that experimental surgery without consent is immoral–can we know that such beliefs are true? If so, how? These profound questions lead to fundamental issues about the nature of morality, language, metaphysics, justification, and knowledge. They also have tremendous practical importance in handling controversial moral questions in health care ethics, politics, law, and education. Sinnott-Armstrong here provides an extensive overview of these difficult subjects, looking at a wide variety of questions, including: Are any moral beliefs true? Are any justified? What is justified belief? The second half of the book explores various moral theories that have grappled with these issues, such as naturalism, normativism, intuitionism, and coherentism, all of which are attempts to answer moral skepticism. Sinnott-Armstrong argues that all these approaches fail to rule out moral nihilism–the view that nothing is really morally wrong or right, bad or good. Then he develops his own novel theory,–“moderate Pyrrhonian moral skepticism”–which concludes that some moral beliefs can be justified out of a modest contrast class but no moral beliefs can be justified out of an extreme contrast class. While explaining this original position and criticizing alternatives, Sinnott-Armstrong provides a wide-ranging survey of the epistemology of moral beliefs.

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A better world for children?

by Michael King

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Subject: ,

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Golden Rule

by Jeffrey Wattles

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Subject: Golden Rule, Golden Rule/ Comparative Studies, Religion / Christian Theology / Ethics, Religion / Comparative Religion,

In an age plagued by selfishness, materialism, and violence, ethicists feel impelled to find a universal system of values. To arrive at such a “rule” requires that they struggle with a series of seemingly irreconcilable questions. First, are universal values possible in a pluralistic world, and how does one do justice to both human equality and to individual and cultural differences? How is one to understand the interface between religious moral teachings and the ethics of secular humanism? Finally, can such a system integrate moral intuition and moral reason? In the first scholarly book in English on the golden rule since the seventeenth century, Jeffrey Wattles demonstrates how a clear understanding of the psychological, philosophical, and religious ramifications of the rule can form the synthesis needed to solve these dilemas.The golden rule, “do to others as you would have others do to you,” is widely assumed to have a single meaning, shared by virtually all the world’s religions. It strikes the average person as intuitively true, though most modern philosophers reject it or recast it in more rational form. Wattles surveys the history of the golden rule and its spectrum of meanings in diverse contexts, ranging from Confusius to Plato and Aristotle, from classical Jewish literature to the New Testament. He also considers medieval, Reformation, and modern theological and philosophical responses and objections to the rule, as well as how some early twentieth-century American leaders have tried to use the rule. Wattles draws these diverse interpretation into a synthesis that responds, at the psychological, philosophical, and religious levels, to the challenges to moral living in any given culture. Emotionally, the rules counsels consideration for others feelings by asking that “you place yourself in their shoes.” Intellectually, it activates moral thinking about what is fair. At the same time, it retains a spiritual appeal as “the principle of the practice of the family of God.”Demonstrating how, despite its contentious history, this age-old ethical principle contiues to be relevant in dealing with contemporary issues, The Golden Rule should interest students and scholars working in religious studies, philosophy and ethics, and psychology, as well as anyone looking for an alternative to postmodern cynicism and alienation.

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