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بایگانی‌های Guillaume L. Duprat - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Responsibility And The Moral Sentiments

by R. Jay Wallace

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Subject: Agent (Philosophy), Emotions, Free Will And Determinism, Responsibility,

R. Jay Wallace argues in this book that moral accountability hinges on questions of fairness: When is it fair to hold people morally responsible for what they do? Would it be fair to do so even in a deterministic world? To answer these questions, we need to understand what we are doing when we hold people morally responsible, a stance that Wallace connects with a central class of moral sentiments, those of resentment, indignation, and guilt. To hold someone responsible, he argues, is to be subject to these reactive emotions in one’s dealings with that person. Developing this theme with unusual sophistication, he offers a new interpretation of the reactive emotions and traces their role in our practices of blame and moral sanction. With this account in place, Wallace advances a powerful and sustained argument against the common view that accountability requires freedom of will. Instead, he maintains, the fairness of holding people responsible depends on their rational competence: the power to grasp moral reasons and to control their behavior accordingly. He shows how these forms of rational competence are compatible with determinism. At the same time, giving serious consideration to incompatibilist concerns, Wallace develops a compelling diagnosis of the common assumption that freedom is necessary for responsibility. Rigorously argued, eminently readable, this book touches on issues of broad concern to philosophers, legal theorists, political scientists, and anyone with an interest in the nature and limits of responsibility.

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Development Ethics at Work

by Denis Goulet

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Subject: Business & Economics,

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WORST CASE BIOETHICS

by George J. Annas

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Subject: Medical Care - United States, Medical Ethics/ United States, Public Health - United States,

Bioethics, still in its infancy, is routinely called on by the government to provide political cover for controversial public health decisions involving the life and death of Americans. Doomsday or worst-case scenarios are often at the heart of these biopolitical decisions. A central feature of science fiction, these scenarios can impart useful insights. But worst-case scenarios, like Frankenstein’s monster, can also be unpredictably destructive, undermining both preparedness and the very values bioethics seeks to promote. Discovering a new flu strain, for example, leads immediately to visions of the 1918 flu pandemic, the worst in human history. Likewise, a “ticking time bomb” scenario leads to the use of physicians for torture, and he all purpose worst case charge of “socialism” threatens to derail meaningful healthcare reform. In Worst Case Bioethics George Annas employs contemporary disputes involving death and disaster to explore the radical changes underway in public health practice, the application of constitutional law to medicine, and human rights discourse to promote human health and wellbeing. Worst-case scenarios, especially worst-case bioethics scenarios, distort debate, limit options, rationalize human rights abuses, and undermine equality and social justice. It is, nonetheless, possible to temper worst-case scenarios in ways that promote both the development of a meaningful American bioethics, and a life and liberty affirming global health and human rights movement. Written at the intersection of law, bioethics, public health, and human rights, Worst Case Bioethics will interest not only bioethicists but scholars in public health, public policy, and human rights law, as well as members of the public who want to participate in these policy debates. Written at the intersection of law, bioethics, public health, and human rights, Worse Case Bioethics will interest not only bioethicists but scholars in public health, public policy, and human rights law.

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Before Forgiveness

by David Konstan

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Subject: History,

“In this book, David Konstan argues that the modern concept of interpersonal forgiveness, in the full sense of the term, did not exist in ancient Greece and Rome. Even more startlingly, it is not fully present in the Hebrew Bible, nor again in the New Testament, or in the early Jewish and Christian commentaries on the Holy Scriptures. It would still be centuries– many centuries– before the idea of interpersonal forgiveness, with its accompanying ideas of apology, remorse, and a change of heart on thepart of the wrongdoer, would emerge. For all its vast importance today in religion, law, politics, and psychotherapy, interpersonal forgiveness is creation of the 18th and 19th centuries, when the Christian concept of divine forgiveness was finally secularized. Forgiveness was God’s province, and it took a revolution in thought to bring it to earth and make it a human trait”–

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Classical Moralists Selections Illustrating Ethics

by Benjamin Rand

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Subject: Ethics,

Book Summary of Classical Moralists: Selections Illustrating EthicsThis book is a history of ethics based upon selections from the original sources and upon translations of the authors themselves. The evolution of ethical thought is thereby revealed from Socrates to Martineau. Contents: Socrates; Plato; Aristotle; Zeno; Epicurus; Titus Lucretius Carus; Epictetus; Marcus Aurelius Antoninus; Plotinus; Saint Augustine; Peter Abelard; Thomas Abelard; Thomas Aquinas; Hugo Grotius; Thomas Hobbes; Ralph Cudworth; Henry More; Richard Cumberland; Baruch De Spinoza; Nicolas Malebranche; John Locke; Samuel Clarke; Third Earl of Shaftesbury; Benard De Mandeville; William Wollaston; Joseph Butler; Francis Hutcheson; David Hartley; David Hume; Adam Smith; Claude Adrien Helvetius; William Paley; Jeremy Bentham; Richard Price; Thomas Reid; Immanuel Kant; Johann Gottlieb; Georg Wilhelm Friedrich; Arthur Schopnehauer; Friedrich Eduard Beneke; John Stuart Mill; Herbert Spencer; Henry Sidgwick..

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