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AN EXAMINATION OF THE UTILITARIAN PHILOSOPHY

by John Grote

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Subject: History / General,

Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER III. ON QUALITY OF PLEASURE. I Alluded in the last chapter to the two great unsettled questions, to what degree happiness is different for different people, and how far it is in each man’s own power for himself. Both these questions concern the subject of this chapter. If happiness is different for different people, how far ought it to be so ? And how far can we raise the character of our happiness ? There is perhaps a disposition in our age to accept A morality jTi i iT ofhappi- a morality of happiness as better, more like what we ness, espe- expect morality to be, than one of rule: such a hoi,,1 morality may take the form of a utilitarianism recog- rj;e nizing different kinds of pleasures, some worthier and is more c- more to be striven after than others. Religion too than’a mo- has not unfrequently shown itself more in harmony i1ety of with the moral philosophy which speaks much of happiness than with that which speaks much of law. And though it is true that when religion has spoken the language of bare utilitarianism, as in Paley, it has not much commended itself to real human feeling: still when it is presented to us not only as conformable to our desire, but also as what is to regulate our desire, uniting with its promises to make us happy a call upon us for effort after a worthy happiness, and elevation of our idea of happiness (as we are told on the one hand that the ways of religion are pleasantness and her paths peace, while on the other hand we pray that we may love that which God commands and desire that he promises); the morality which is thus proposed to us has charms in our view which do not belong to a morality of rule. But this But then it is to be observed that this more at- worthiness tractive form of utilitarianism involves …

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Heart of Altruism

by Kristen Renwick Monroe

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Subject: Altruism, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Political Science / History & Theory, Psychology / Social Psychology,

Is all human behavior based on self-interest? Many social and biological theories would argue so, but such a perspective does not explain the many truly heroic acts committed by people willing to risk their lives to help others. In The Heart of Altruism, Kristen Renwick Monroe boldly lays the groundwork for a social theory receptive to altruism by examining the experiences described by altruists themselves: from Otto, a German businessman who rescued over a hundred Jews in Nazi Germany, to Lucille, a newspaper poetry editor, who, armed with her cane, saved a young girl who was being raped. Monroe’s honest and moving interviews with these little-known heroes enable her to explore the causes of altruism and the differences between altruists and other people. By delineating an overarching perspective of humanity shared by altruists, Monroe demonstrates how social theories may begin to account for altruism and debunks the notions of scientific inevitability that stem from an overemphasis on self-interest.As Monroe has discovered, the financial and religious backgrounds of altruists vary greatly–as do their views on issues such as welfare, civil rights, and morality. Altruists do, however, share a certain way of looking at the world: where the rest of us see a stranger, altruists see a fellow human being. It is this perspective that many social theories overlook. Monroe restores altruism to a general theory of ethical political behavior. She argues that to understand what makes one person act out of concern for others and not the self, we need to ask how that individual’s perspective sets the range of options he or she finds available.

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responsibility at work

by Howard Gardner

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Subject: Business Ethics, Leadership, Leadership/ Moral And Ethical Aspects,

Responsibilityat WorkMost persons strive to produce work that is of excellent technical quality, is pursued in an ethical and socially responsible way, and has the qualities of being engaging and meaningful. How can we attain this ideal of good work in a world that changes so rapidly and all too often features an ethically compromised milieu? Filled with original essays by Howard Gardner, William Damon, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and Jeanne Nakamura and based on a large-scale research project, the GoodWork(R) Project, Responsibility at Work reflects the information gleaned from in-depth interviews with more than 1,200 people from nine different professions–journalism, genetics, theatre, higher education, philanthropy, law, medicine, business, and precollegiate education. The book reveals how motivation, culture, and professional norms can intersect to produce work that is personally, socially, and economically beneficial.?At the heart of the study is the revelation that the key to good work is responsibilty–taking ownership for one’s work and its wider impact.The authors examine how responsibility for work is shaped by both personal and professional components and explore the factors that cause a sense of responsibility, the obstacles that lead to compromised work, and the educational interventions that can lead to a greater sense of responsibility. Most important, this volume provides strategies for cultivating greater responsibility in both seasoned workers as well as the young people who will one day enter the workplace.?

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