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بایگانی‌های Cyberspace - Psychological Aspects - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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War and Moral Responsibility

by Marshall Cohen

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Subject: War, War (International Law), War/ Moral And Ethical Aspects,

This remarkably rich collection of articles focuses on moral questions about war. The essays, originally published inPhilosophy & Public Affairs, cover a wide range of topics from several points of view by writers from the fields of political science, philosophy, and law. The discussion of war and moral responsibility falls into three general categories: problems of political and military choice, problems about the relation of an individual to the actions of his government, and more abstract ethical questions as well.The first category includes questions about the ethical and legal aspects of war crimes and the laws of war; about the source of moral restrictions on military methods or goals; and about differences in suitability of conduct which may depend on differences in the nature of the opponent. The second category includes questions about the conditions for responsibility of individual soldiers and civilian officials for war crimes, and about the proper attitude of a government toward potential conscripts who reject its military policies. The third category includes disputes between absolutist, deontological, and utilitarian ethical theories, and deals with questions about the existence of insoluble moral dilemmas

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NATURAL LAW IN SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY

by Emile Boutroux

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Subject: ,

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Standards of Value

by Jay E. Fishman

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Subject: Fair Value, Fair Value/ Accounting, Valuation,

It is axiomatic that every valuation of a business or business interest must contain a definition or standard of value. Each standard of value contains numerous assumptions, and there can be significant variation in the application of a particular standard of value and its underlying assumptions. Standards of Value addresses many of the ambiguities inherent in applying common standards of value. Written by Jay Fishman, Shannon Pratt, and William Morrison–three renowned valuation practitioners who deal with these issues on a daily basis–this book discusses the interaction between valuation theory and its judicial and regulatory application. A must-read for appraisers, accountants, judges, attorneys, and appraisal users, this insightful book addresses standards of value as applied in four distinct contexts: estate and gift taxation; shareholder dissent and oppression; divorce; and financial reporting. Here, practitioners will discover some of the intricacies of performing services in these venues, and appraisers will find this book helpful in understanding why the practitioners are asking such questions. Providing expert direction on interpreting and applying standards of value, this guide includes: Valuations for estate and gift tax, shareholder dissent and oppression, and divorce matters presented within their respective judicial frameworksCase-by-case reasoning behind appraisal-related decisionsState-by-state analyses that provide a clearer idea of how a state’s established case law may give insight on the standard of valueA general overview of the concepts of value, cost, and priceFair market value in estate and gift tax valuationsFair value in dissenting and oppressed shareholder mattersThe premises and standards of value used when valuing a business in divorceCurrent and proposed standards for the reporting of assets and liabilities for corporations as established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) of the AICPA

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Classical Moralists Selections Illustrating Ethics

by Benjamin Rand

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Subject: Ethics,

Book Summary of Classical Moralists: Selections Illustrating EthicsThis book is a history of ethics based upon selections from the original sources and upon translations of the authors themselves. The evolution of ethical thought is thereby revealed from Socrates to Martineau. Contents: Socrates; Plato; Aristotle; Zeno; Epicurus; Titus Lucretius Carus; Epictetus; Marcus Aurelius Antoninus; Plotinus; Saint Augustine; Peter Abelard; Thomas Abelard; Thomas Aquinas; Hugo Grotius; Thomas Hobbes; Ralph Cudworth; Henry More; Richard Cumberland; Baruch De Spinoza; Nicolas Malebranche; John Locke; Samuel Clarke; Third Earl of Shaftesbury; Benard De Mandeville; William Wollaston; Joseph Butler; Francis Hutcheson; David Hartley; David Hume; Adam Smith; Claude Adrien Helvetius; William Paley; Jeremy Bentham; Richard Price; Thomas Reid; Immanuel Kant; Johann Gottlieb; Georg Wilhelm Friedrich; Arthur Schopnehauer; Friedrich Eduard Beneke; John Stuart Mill; Herbert Spencer; Henry Sidgwick..

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نتایج برای : Cyberspace - Psychological Aspects
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