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بایگانی‌های Oxford University Press, Oxford - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Inequality (Oxford Ethics Series)

by Larry S. Temkin

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Subject: 305, Equality, HM146 .T45 1993,

Equality has long been among the most potent of human ideals and it continues to play a prominent role in political argument. Views about equality inform much of the debate about wide-ranging issues such as racism, sexism, obligations to the poor or handicapped, relations between developed and developing countries, and the justification of competing political, economic, and ideological systems. Temkin begins his illuminating examination with a simple question: when is one situation worse than another regarding inequality? In exploring this question, a new approach to understanding inequality emerges. Temkin goes against the common view that inequality is simple and holistic and argues instead that it is complex, individualistic, and essentially comparative. He presents a new way of thinking about equality and inequality that challenges the assumptions of philosophers, welfare economists, and others, and has significant and far-reaching implications on a practical as well as a theoretical level.

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Empathy and Agency

by Hans Herbert Kogler

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Subject: Empathy, Psychology, Psychology/ Philosophy,

How do we, as interpreters and theorists in the human and social sciences, understand agency? What are the methods, models, and mediating theoretical frameworks that allow us to give a reliable and adequate account of beliefs, actions, and cultural practices? More specifically, how can we as interpretive analysts employ our own cognitive capacities so as to render the beliefs, intentions, and actions of other human beings intelligible? These are the leading questions that a group of well-established social philosophers explore in this volume in light of the most recent (and hotly debated) findings in cognitive science, developmental psychology, and philosophy of mind. In particular, the debate concerning simulation — whether agents interpret others by means of implicit theoretical assumptions, or whether they rather simulate their behavior by putting themselves in their shoes — has produced a wide set of important empirical and philosophical insights. This book takes up those insights and discusses their impact in the context of their most important paradigms in social methodology today.A systematic introduction pertaining to the understanding-explanation debate sets the stage, followed by eleven chapters representing the different approaches tot he field. The paradigms include Wittgensteinian, Davidsonian and Diltheyan approaches, hermeneutics and critical theory, game theory, naturalized epistemology, philosophy of history and twentieth-century social theory, as well as simulation approach proper. As stake are the relation between everyday and social-scientific interpretation, the role of empathy (or role-taking) in understanding human agency, the implications of attributing rationality in the course of interpretation, as well as the relation between rational and causal models in social explanation. The discussions cut across well-established disciplinary boundaries so that the book appeals to both analytic and hermeneutic traditions within philosophy. In addition, the book speaks to all who are engaged in interpreting or explaining human agency in the cultural and social sciences.

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The political economy of human rights enforcement

by Ivan Manokha

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Subject: Humanitarian Intervention,

In academic and non-academic debates the practice of human rights enforcement is usually reduced to the intentions, interests and capabilities of agents – particularly the United States and other Western states. Whether seen as a policy adopted to promote national interest or an imperialist device used by the West, the practice of human rights enforcement is discussed in isolation from the structure of the late-modern Global Political Economy. This book develops a structural approach to post-Cold war military humanitarianism and demonstrates the nature of reciprocal causal relations between the global capitalist economy and the practice of human rights enforcement. It provides an historical analysis of the notion of individual rights and their relationship with capitalism and demonstrates that today the actors engaged in human rights enforcement – whether for selfish or humanitarian reasons – unintentionally provide global capital with a Gramscian quality of moral leadership thereby contributing to its hegemony.

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Utilitarianism

by John Stuart Mill

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Subject: Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Movements / General, Philosophy / Movements / Utilitarianism, Utilitarianism,

Utilitarianism, by British philosopher John Stuart Mill, is one of his most influential works and is a philosophical defense of utilitarian ethical theory. This publication remained a relevant publication since its original publication in the mid 19th century, as is still relevant in the application of utility in regard to social policy. This is an important work for those studying the concept of utilitarianism, or those who are interested in the writings of John Stuart Mill.

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Moral Epistemology

by Aaron Zimmerman

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Subject: Ethics, Knowledge, Theory Of, Philosophy / Epistemology,

How do we know right from wrong? Do we even have moral knowledge? Moral epistemology studies these and related questions about our understanding of virtue and vice. It is one of philosophy’s perennial problems, reaching back to Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, Hume and Kant, and has recently been the subject of intense debate as a result of findings in developmental and social psychology.In this outstanding introduction to the subject Aaron Zimmerman covers the following key topics: What is moral epistemology? What are its methods? Including a discussion of Socrates, Gettier and contemporary theories of knowledgeSkepticism about moral knowledge based on the anthropological record of deep and persistent moral disagreement, including contextualismMoral nihilism, including debates concerning God and morality and the relation between moral knowledge and our motives and reasons to act morallyEpistemic moral scepticism, intuitionism and the possibility of inferring ‘ought’ from ‘is,’ discussing the views of Locke, Hume, Kant, Ross, Audi, Thomson, Harman, Sturgeon and many othersHow children acquire moral concepts and become more reliable judges.Criticisms of those who would reduce moral knowledge to value-neutral knowledge or attempt to replace moral belief with emotion.Throughout the book Zimmerman argues that our belief in moral knowledge can survive sceptical challenges. He also draws on a rich range of examples from Plato’s Meno and Dickens’s David Copperfield to Bernard Madoff and Saddam Hussein.Including chapter summaries and annotated further reading at the end of each chapter, Moral Epistemology is essential reading for all students of ethics, epistemology and moral psychology.

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نتایج برای : Oxford University Press, Oxford
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