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بایگانی‌های B791 .M454 2009 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Trust and Toleration

by Richard H. Dees

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Subject: Philosophy / Political, Toleration, Trust,

This book outlines the social, conceptual, and psychological preconditions for toleration.By looking closely at the religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in France and England and at contemporary controversies about the rights of homosexuals, Richard Dees demonstrates how trust between the opposing parties is needed first, but in just these cases, distrust is all-too-rational. Ultimately, that distrust can only be overcome if the parties undergo a fundamental shift of values – a conversion. Only then can they accept some form of toleration.

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Bioethics and armed conflict

by Michael L. Gross

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Subject: Bioethical Issues, Medical Ethics, Medicine, Military, Medicine, Military - Moral And Ethical Aspects,

Is medical ethics in times of armed conflict identical to medical ethics in times of peace, as the World Medical Association declares? In Bioethics and Armed Conflict, the first comprehensive study of medical ethics in conventional, unconventional, and low-intensity war, Michael Gross examines the dilemmas that arise when bioethical principles clash with military necessity—when physicians try to save lives during an endeavor dedicated to taking them—and describes both the conflicts and congruencies of military and medical ethics.Gross describes how the principles of contemporary just war, unlike those of medical ethics, often go beyond the welfare of the individual to consider the collective interests of combatants and noncombatants and the general interests of the state. Military necessity plays havoc with such patients’ rights as the right to life, the right to medical care, informed consent, confidentiality, and the right to die. The principles of triage in battle conditions dictate not need-based treatment but the distribution of resources that will return the greatest number of soldiers to active duty. And unconventional warfare, including current “wars” on terrorism, challenges the traditional concept of medical neutrality as physicians who have sworn to “do no harm” are called upon to lend their expertise to “interrogational” torture or to the development of biological or chemical weapons. Difficult dilemmas inevitably arise during armed conflict, and medicine, Gross concludes, is not above the fray. Medical ethics in time of war cannot be identical to medical ethics in peacetime.

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Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals

by Immanuel Kant

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Metaphysics,

In this classic text, Kant sets out to articulate and defend the Categorical Imperative – the fundamental principle that underlies moral reasoning – and to lay the foundation for a comprehensive account of justice and human virtues. This new edition and translation of Kant’s work is designed especially for students. An extensive and comprehensive introduction explains the central concepts of Groundwork and looks at Kant’s main lines of argument. Detailed notes aim to clarify Kant’s thoughts and to correct some commonmisunderstandings of his doctrines.

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Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy

by Bernard Williams

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Subject: Ethics, Ethiek,

“Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy” is widely acknowledged to be Bernard Williams’ most important book and a contemporary classic of moral philosophy. Delivering a sustained critique of moral theory from Kant onward, Williams reorients ethical theory towards “truth, truthfulness and the meaning of an individual life.” He explores and reflects on the thorniest problems in contemporary philosophy and offers new ideas about central issues such as relativism, objectivity and the possibility of ethical knowledge.This edition includes a new commentary on the text by A.W.Moore, St.Hugh’s College, Oxford.By the time of his death in 2003, Bernard Williams was one of the greatest philosophers of his generation. He taught at the Universities of Cambridge, Berkeley and Oxford. He is the author of M”orality; Utilitarianism: For and” “Against; Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry and Truth and Truthfulness.”

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Evolution of Animal Communication

by William A. Searcy

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Subject: Comunicaciâon Animal, Etologâia, Psicologâia Comparada, Psicologâia De La Comunicaciâon,

Gull chicks beg for food from their parents. Peacocks spread their tails to attract potential mates. Meerkats alert family members of the approach of predators. But are these–and other animals–sometimes dishonest? That’s what William Searcy and Stephen Nowicki ask inThe Evolution of Animal Communication. They take on the fascinating yet perplexing question of the dependability of animal signaling systems. The book probes such phenomena as the begging of nesting birds, alarm calls in squirrels and primates, carotenoid coloration in fish and birds, the calls of frogs and toads, and weapon displays in crustaceans. Do these signals convey accurate information about the signaler, its future behavior, or its environment? Or do they mislead receivers in a way that benefits the signaler? For example, is the begging chick really hungry as its cries indicate or is it lobbying to get more food than its brothers and sisters? Searcy and Nowicki take on these and other questions by developing clear definitions of key issues, by reviewing the most relevant empirical data and game theory models available, and by asking how well theory matches data. They find that animal communication is largely reliable–but that this basic reliability also allows the clever deceiver to flourish. Well researched and clearly written, their book provides new insight into animal communication, behavior, and evolution.

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