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بایگانی‌های 9781850435501 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Bioethics in Law

by Bethany Spielman

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Subject: Bioethical Issues, Bioethical Issues - Legislation & Jurisprudence - United States, Bioethics, Bioethics - United States,

This groundbreaking volume is the first to analyze how and to what extent bioethics considerations influence today’s judges. Previous books have attended to the law that governs bioethics problems, but Bioethics in Law is the first to examine when and how bioethical issues impact judicial reasoning and decision-making. The author undertakes careful analysis of health care committee recommendations, institutional review board determinations, bioethics commission reports, bioethics research materials, briefs of bioethics amicus curiae, and bioethics expert testimony that has been used in legal proceedings during the last decade. Through such examination, Bioethics in Law is able to offer critical insight into the ways that judges have invited, accepted, relied on, followed, critiqued, ignored, rejected, overridden, transformed, and otherwise responded to bioethics communications. This volume is the on the cutting-edge of the relationship of bioethics to law, and explores how law receives, assesses, and uses bioethics. Unlike previous treatments, which perceive the relationship between law and bioethics in an abstract or idealized sense, this book presents actual communications that have found their way to law, and then analyzes their effect on judicial outcomes.

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Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots

by Ronald Arkin

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Subject: Autonomous Robots - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Military Ethics, Military Robots - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Robotics - Military Applications,

Expounding on the results of the author’s work with the US Army Research Office, DARPA, the Office of Naval Research, and various defense industry contractors, Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous Robots explores how to produce an “artificial conscience” in a new class of robots, humane-oids, which are robots that can potentially perform more ethically than humans in the battlefield. The author examines the philosophical basis, motivation, theory, and design recommendations for the implementation of an ethical control and reasoning system in autonomous robot systems, taking into account the Laws of War and Rules of Engagement. The book presents robot architectural design recommendations for Post facto suppression of unethical behavior, Behavioral design that incorporates ethical constraints from the onset, The use of affective functions as an adaptive component in the event of unethical action, and A mechanism that identifies and advises operators regarding their ultimate responsibility for the deployment of autonomous systems. It also examines why soldiers fail in battle regarding ethical decisions; discusses the opinions of the public, researchers, policymakers, and military personnel on the use of lethality by autonomous systems; provides examples that illustrate autonomous systems? ethical use of force; and includes relevant Laws of War. Helping ensure that warfare is conducted justly with the advent of autonomous robots, this book shows that the first steps toward creating robots that not only conform to international law but outperform human soldiers in their ethical capacity are within reach in the future. It supplies the motivation, philosophy, formalisms, representational requirements, architectural design criteria, recommendations, and test scenarios to design and construct an autonomous robotic system capable of ethically using lethal force. Ron Arkin was quoted in a November 2010 New York Times article about robots in the military.

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Moral dilemmas of modern war

by Michael L. Gross

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Subject: Military Ethics - United States, Military Interrogation - Moral And Ethical Aspects - United States, War - Moral And Ethical Aspects - United States,

A practical guide for policy makers, military officers, students, and anyone else interested in asymmetric conflicts.

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Importance of Being Honest

by Steven Lubet

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Subject: Law,

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