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بایگانی‌های 9780199286294 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Localizing The Moral Sense: Neuroscience And The Search For The Cerebral Seat Of Morality

by Jan Verplaetse

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Subject: Medical / Neurology, Medical / Neuroscience, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Science - History,

Due to the current revolution in brain research the search for the a oemoral braina became a serious endeavour. Nowadays, neural circuits that are indispensable for moral and social behaviour are discovered and the brains of psychopaths and criminals – the classical anti-heroes of morality – are scanned with curiosity, even enthusiasm. How revolutionary this current research might be, the quest for a localisable ethical centre or moral organ is far from new. The moral brain was a recurrent theme in the works of neuroscientists during the 19th and 20th century. From the phrenology era to the encephalitis pandemic in the 1920s a wide range of European and American scientists (neurologists, psychiatrists, anthropologists and criminologists) speculated about and discussed the location of a moral sense in the human cortex. Encouraged by medical discoveries and concerned by terrifying phenomena like crime or a oemoral insanitya (psychopathy) even renowned and outstanding neurologists, including Moritz Benedikt, Paul Flechsig, Arthur Van Gehuchten, Oskar Vogt or Constantin von Monakow, had the nerve to make their speculations public. This book presents the first overview of believers and disbelievers in a cerebral seat of human morality, their positions and arguments and offers an explanation for these historical attempts to localise our moral sense, in spite of the massive disapproving commentary launched by colleagues.

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LIKENESS TO TRUTH

by G. Oddie

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Subject: Truth,

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Monotheism & Ethics

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Subject: Abrahamic Religions, Monotheism, Religion And Ethics, Religious Ethics,

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Paradoxes of Political Ethics: From Dirty Hands to the Invisible Hand

by John M. Parrish

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Subject: Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Political, Political Ethics, Political Science / History & Theory,

How do the hard facts of political responsibility shape and constrain the demands of ethical life? That question lies at the heart of the problem of ‘dirty hands’ in public life. Those who exercise political power often feel they must act in ways that would otherwise be considered immoral: indeed, paradoxically, they sometimes feel that it would be immoral of them not to perform or condone such acts as killing or lying. John Parrish offers a wide-ranging account of how this important philosophical problem emerged and developed, tracing it – and its proposed solutions – from ancient Greece through the Enlightenment. His central argument is that many of our most familiar concepts and institutions – from Augustine’s interiorised ethics, to Hobbes’s sovereign state, to Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’, understanding of the modern commercial economy – were designed partly as responses to the ethical problem of dirty hands in public life.

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Genes and Insurance

by Marcus Radetzki

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Subject: Genetic Screening, Genetic Screening/ Moral And Ethical Aspects, Health Insurance,

The result of two key social developments in recent years are examined here: the partial dismantling of the welfare state and the progress of genetics. Genetic insights are becoming increasingly valuable for risk assessment, and insurers would like to use these insights to help determine premiums. Combined with the fact that social welfare is being curtailed, this could potentially create an uninsured high-risk population. Along with considerations of autonomy and privacy, this is the basis for an ethical critique of insurer’s access to information. The result has often been regulation of such information; but the authors argues that due to adverse selection, regulation will not solve these problems, and this may jeopardize the survival of private personal insurance. Instead, we should look towards the resurrection of social insurance, a key component of the welfare state. This will interest academic researchers as well as professonials involved with genetics and insurance.

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نتایج برای : 9780199286294
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