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بایگانی‌های 9780195128444 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Atrocity Paradigm

by Claudia Card

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Subject: Good And Evil,

What distinguishes evils from ordinary wrongs? Is hatred a necessarily evil? Are some evils unforgivable? Are there evils we should tolerate? What can make evils hard to recognize? Are evils inevitable? How can we best respond to and live with evils? Claudia Card offers a secular theory of evil that responds to these questions and more. Evils, according to her theory, have two fundamental components. One component is reasonably foreseeable intolerable harm — harm that makes a life indecent and impossible or that makes a death indecent. Theother component is culpable wrongdoing. Atrocities, such as genocides, slavery, war rape, torture, and severe child abuse, are Card’s paradigms because in them these key elements are writ large. Atrocities deserve more attention than secular philosophers have so far paid them. They are distinguishedfrom ordinary wrongs not by the psychological states of evildoers but by the seriousness of the harm that is done. Evildoers need not be sadistic: they may simply be negligent or unscrupulous in pursuing their goals. Card’s theory represents a compromise between classic utilitarian and stoic alternatives (including Kant’s theory of radical evil). Utilitarians tend to reduce evils to their harms; Stoics tend to reduce evils to the wickedness of perpetrators: Card accepts neither reduction. She also responds toNietzsche’s challenges about the worth of the concept of evil, and she uses her theory to argue that evils are more important than merely unjust inequalities. She applies the theory in explorations of war rape and violence against intimates. She also takes up what Primo Levi called “the gray zone”,where victims become complicit in perpetrating on others evils that threaten to engulf themselves. While most past accounts of evil have focused on perpetrators, Card begins instead from the position of the victims, but then considers more generally how to respond to — and live with — evils, asvictims, as perpetrators, and as those who have become both.

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Business Ethics Activity Book: 50 Exercises for Promoting Integrity at Work

by Marlene Caroselli

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Subject: Business & Economics / Training, Business Ethics, Leadership, Leadership/ Moral And Ethical Aspects,

Companies in every industry are recommitting themselves to creating environments of honesty and renewing trust with their customers, employees, and the general public. But it’s not as easy as it sounds. Even in “good” organizations, proactive ethics initiatives are still a very new concept, and the question remains, “How do we do this?” The answer can be found in the 50 exercises in The Business Ethics Activity Book. These ready-to-use, easily adaptable activities will engage individuals, teams, and groups and generate the kind of thought and discussion that ultimately leads to mutual respect and an atmosphere in which ethical behavior defines organizational culture. Book jacket.

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DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

by John A. Ryan

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Subject: Economic History, Wealth,

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GETTING WHAT YOU WANT?

by Bob Brecher

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Subject: Desire (Philosophy), Ethics, Liberalism, Liberalism - Moral And Ethical Aspects,

Bob Brecher claims that it is wrong to think that morality is simply rooted in what people want. Brecher explains that in our consumerist society, we make the assumption that getting “what people want” is our natural goal, and that this goal is usually a good one. We see that whether it is a matter of pornography or getting married–if people want it, then that’s that. But is this really a good thing? Getting What You Want offers a critique of liberal morality and an analysis of its understanding of the individual as a wanting thing. Brecher boldly argues that the Anglo-American liberalism cannot give an adequate account of moral reasoning and action, or any justification of moral principles or demands.

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