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بایگانی‌های 3445 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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RIGHTS OF GOD

by Irene Oh

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Subject: Human Rights, Human Rights/ Religious Aspects/ Islam, Islam And Civil Society,

Promoting Islam as a defender of human rights is laden with difficulties. Advocates of human rights will readily point out numerous humanitarian failures carried out in the name of Islam. In The Rights of God, Irene Oh looks at human rights and Islam as a religious issue rather than a political or legal one and draws on three revered Islamic scholars to offer a broad range of perspectives that challenge our assumptions about the role of religion in human rights. The theoretical shift from the conception of morality based in natural duty and law to one of rights has created tensions that hinder a fruitful exchange between human rights theorists and religious thinkers. Does the static identification of human rights with lists of specific rights, such as those found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, make sense given the cultural, historical, and religious diversity of the societies in which these rights are to be respected and implemented? In examining human rights issues of the contemporary Islamic world, Oh illustrates how the value of religious scholarship cannot be overestimated. Oh analyzes the commentaries of Abul A’la Maududi, Sayyid Qutb, and Abdolkarim Soroush — all prominent and often controversial Islamic thinkers — on the topics of political participation, religious toleration, and freedom of conscience. While Maududi and Qutb represent traditional Islam, and Soroush a more reform and Western-friendly approach, all three contend that Islam is indeed capable of accommodating and advocating human rights. Whereas disentangling politics and culture from religion is never easy, Oh shows that the attempt must be made in order to understand and overcome the historical obstacles that prevent genuine dialogue from taking place across religious and cultural boundaries.

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Christian Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems

by Michael Banner

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Subject: Christian Ethics, Christian Ethics/ Anglican Authors, Ethical Problems,

This book by Michael Banner explores and attempts to understand the significance of Christian belief for a range of contemporary and controversial ethical issues including euthanasia, the environment, biotechnology, abortion, the family, sexual ethics, and the distribution of scarce resources for health care. Its importance lies in its attempt to show the crucial difference that Christian belief makes to an understanding of these issues, while at the same time demonstrating some of the weaknesses and confusions of certain popular approaches to them.

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How to think seriously about the planet

by Roger Scruton

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Subject: Conservation Of Natural Resources - Philosophy, Environmental Ethics,

“The environment has long been the undisputed territory of the political Left, which casts international capitalism, consumerism, and the over-exploitation of natural resources as the principle threats to the planet, and sees top-down interventions as the most effective solution. In How to Think Seriously About the Planet, Roger Scruton rejects this view and offers a fresh approach to tackling the most important political problem of our time. The environmental movement, he contends, is philosophically confused and has unrealistic agendas. Its sights are directed at the large-scale events and the confrontation between international politics and multinational business. But Scruton argues that no large-scale environmental project, however well-intentioned, will succeed if it is not rooted in small-scale practical reasoning. Seeing things on a large scale promotes top-down solutions, managed by unaccountable bureaucracies that fail to assess local conditions and are rife with unintended consequences. Scruton argues for the greater efficacy of local initiatives over global schemes, civil association over political activism, and small-scale institutions of friendship over regulatory hyper-vigilance. And he suggests that conservatism is far better suited to solving environmental problems than either liberalism or socialism. Rather than entrusting the environment to unwieldy NGOs and international committees, we must assume personal responsibility and foster local control. People must be empowered to take charge of their environment, to care for it as they would a home, and to involve themselves through the kind of local associations that have been the traditional goal of conservative politics. Our common future is by no means assured, but as Roger Scruton clearly demonstrates in this important book, there is a path that can ensure the future safety of our planet and our species.”–

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Practical Ethics for Psychologists

by Samuel J. Knapp

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Subject: Psychologists, Psychologists/ Professional Ethics, Psychology, Psychology / Applied Psychology,

Helps psychologists clarify what they value, consider how they should behave, and determine what constitutes proper professional conduct. This book is unique in stressing the importance of positive ethics?that is, ways in which psychologists can reach their highest ethical ideals, rather than just avoiding breaking rules. Using the 2002 APA Code of Ethics as a guide, the authors lay out a five-step model for resolving ethical dilemmas, illustrating the discussion with thumbnail sketches of both ethical and questionable behaviors. Throughout, they stress the importance of self-care, which involves self-regulation, emotional competence, and an understanding of the unique occupational challenges of being a psychologist. Provides guidance on dealing with ethically complex issues like competence, multiple relationships, informed consent, confidentiality (including confidentiality with life endangering patients), fees and financial issues, public statements, and risk management. Individual chapters are devoted to special issues for psychologists working in forensics, teaching, business, assessment, therapy, and supervision and training. This book is ideal for classroom use or self-study.

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