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بایگانی‌های 3385 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Islamic Ethics

by Mariam Al-Attar

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Subject: Civilization, Islamic, Divine Commands (Ethics), Islam - 20th Century, Islamic Civilization,

This book explores philosophical ethics in Arabo-Islamic thought. Examining the meaning, origin and development of “Divine Command Theory”, it underscores the philosophical bases of religious fundamentalism that hinder social development and hamper dialogue between different cultures and nations.Challenging traditional stereotypes of Islam, the book refutes contemporary claims that Islam is a defining case of ethical voluntarism, and that the prominent theory in Islamic ethical thought is Divine Command Theory. The author argues that, in fact, early Arab-Islamic scholars articulated moral theories: theories of value and theories of obligation. She traces the development of Arabo-Islamic ethics from the early Islamic theological and political debates between the Kharijites and the Murji’ites, shedding new light on the moral theory of Abd al-Jabbar al-Mu’tazili and the effects of this moral theory on post-Mu’tazilite ethical thought.Highlighting important aspects in the development of Islamic thought, this book will appeal to students and scholars of Islamic moral thought and ethics, Islamic law, and religious fundamentalism.

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The conception of value

by H.P. Grice

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Subject: Values,

The works of Paul Grice collected in this volume present his metaphysical defense of value, and represent a modern attempt to provide a metaphysical foundation for value. Value judgments are viewed as objective; value is part of the world we live in, but nonetheless is constructed by us. We inherit, or seem to inherit, the Aristotelian world in which objects and creatures are characterized in terms of what they are supposed to do. We are thereby enabled to evaluate by reference to function and finality. The most striking part of Grice’s position, however, is his contention that the legitimacy of such evaluations rests ultimately on an argument for absolute value.

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After Harm

by Nancy Berlinger

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Subject: Medical / Physician & Patient, Medical Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Religion / General,

Medical error is a leading problem of health care in the United States. Each year, more patients die as a result of medical mistakes than are killed by motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS. While most government and regulatory efforts are directed toward reducing and preventing errors, the actions that should follow the injury or death of a patient are still hotly debated. According to Nancy Berlinger, conversations on patient safety are missing several important components: religious voices, traditions, and models. In After Harm, Berlinger draws on sources in theology, ethics, religion, and culture to create a practical and comprehensive approach to addressing the needs of patients, families, and clinicians affected by medical error. She emphasizes the importance of acknowledging fallibility, telling the truth, confronting feelings of guilt and shame, and providing just compensation. After Harm adds important human dimensions to an issue that has profound consequences for patients and health care providers.

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