بایگانی‌های 2693 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان

happiness hypothesis

Subject: Happiness, Philosophical Anthropology,

An award-winning psychologist skillfully combines two genres-philosophical wisdom and scientific research-delighting the reader with surprising insights

Information Security And Ethics

Subject: Computer Security, Information Technology - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Information Technology - Social Aspects, Technology - Social Aspects,

Information Security and Ethics: Social and Organizational Issues brings together examples of the latest research from a number of international scholars addressing a wide range of issues significant to this important and growing field of study. These issues are relevant to the wider society, as well as to the individual, citizen, educator, student and industry professional. With individual chapters focusing on areas including: web accessibility, the digital divide, youth protection and surveillance, this book provides an invaluable resource for students, scholars and professionals currently working in Information Technology related areas.

Access Denied

by Ronald Deibert

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Subject: Computers, Computers/ Access Control, Internet, Internet/ Censorship,

Many countries around the world block or filter Internet content, denying access to information—often about politics, but also relating to sexuality, culture, or religion—that they deem too sensitive for ordinary citizens. Access Denied documents and analyzes Internet filtering practices in over three dozen countries, offering the first rigorously conducted study of this accelerating trend.Internet filtering takes place in at least forty states worldwide including many countries in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa. Related Internet content control mechanisms are also in place in Canada, the United States and a cluster of countries in Europe. Drawing on a just-completed survey of global Internet filtering undertaken by the OpenNet Initiative (a collaboration of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto, the Oxford Internet Institute at Oxford University, and the University of Cambridge) and relying on work by regional experts and an extensive network of researchers, Access Denied examines the political, legal, social, and cultural contexts of Internet filtering in these states from a variety of perspectives. Chapters discuss the mechanisms and politics of Internet filtering, the strengths and limitations of the technology that powers it, the relevance of international law, ethical considerations for corporations that supply states with the tools for blocking and filtering, and the implications of Internet filtering for activist communities that increasingly rely on Internet technologies for communicating their missions.Reports on Internet content regulation in forty different countries follow, with each country profile outlining the types of content blocked by category and documenting key findings.Contributors: Ross Anderson, Malcolm Birdling, Ronald Deibert, Robert Faris, Vesselina Haralampieva, Steven Murdoch, Helmi Noman, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, Mary Rundle, Nart Villeneuve, Stephanie Wang, and Jonathan Zittrain

IMPARTIAL SPECTATOR

by D.D. Raphael

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Subject: Business & Economics / Economic History, Business & Economics / Economics / Theory, Ethics, Modern/ 18th Century, Philosophy / General,

D. D. Raphael provides a critical account of the moral philosophy of Adam Smith, presented in his first book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Whilst it does not have the same prominence in its field as his work on economics, The Wealth of Nations, Smith’s writing on ethics is of continuing importance and interest today, especially for its theory of conscience. Smith sees the origin of conscience in the sympathetic and antipathetic feelings of spectators. As spectators of the actions of other people, we can imagine how we would feel in their situation. If we would share their motives, we approve of their action. If not, we disapprove. When we ourselves take an action, we know from experience what spectators would feel, approval or disapproval. That knowledge forms conscience, an imagined impartial spectator who tells us whether an action is right or wrong. In describing the content of moral judgment, Smith is much influenced by Stoic ethics, with an emphasis on self-command, but he voices criticism as well as praise. His own position is a combination of Stoic and Christian values. There is a substantial difference between the first five editions of the Moral Sentiments and the sixth. Failure to take account of this has led some commentators to mistaken views about the supposed youthful idealism of the Moral Sentiments as contrasted with the mature realism of The Wealth of Nations. A further source of error has been the supposition that Smith treats sympathy as the motive of moral action, as contrasted with the supposedly universal motive of self-interest in The Wealth of Nations.

The Golden Rule

by Jeffrey Wattles

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Subject: Golden Rule, Golden Rule/ Comparative Studies, History / General, History / Holocaust,

In an age plagued by selfishness, materialism, and violence, ethicists feel impelled to find a universal system of values. To arrive at such a “rule” requires that they struggle with a series of seemingly irreconcilable questions. First, are universal values possible in a pluralistic world, and how does one do justice to both human equality and to individual and cultural differences? How is one to understand the interface between religious moral teachings and the ethics of secular humanism? Finally, can such a system integrate moral intuition and moral reason? In the first scholarly book in English on the golden rule since the seventeenth century, Jeffrey Wattles demonstrates how a clear understanding of the psychological, philosophical, and religious ramifications of the rule can form the synthesis needed to solve these dilemas. The golden rule, “do to others as you would have others do to you,” is widely assumed to have a single meaning, shared by virtually all the world’s religions. It strikes the average person as intuitively true, though most modern philosophers reject it or recast it in more rational form. Wattles surveys the history of the golden rule and its spectrum of meanings in diverse contexts, ranging from Confusius to Plato and Aristotle, from classical Jewish literature to the New Testament. He also considers medieval, Reformation, and modern theological and philosophical responses and objections to the rule, as well as how some early twentieth-century American leaders have tried to use the rule. Wattles draws these diverse interpretation into a synthesis that responds, at the psychological, philosophical, and religious levels, to the challenges to moral living in any given culture. Emotionally, the rules counsels consideration for others feelings by asking that “you place yourself in their shoes.” Intellectually, it activates moral thinking about what is fair. At the same time, it retains a spiritual appeal as “the principle of the practice of the family of God.” Demonstrating how, despite its contentious history, this age-old ethical principle contiues to be relevant in dealing with contemporary issues, The Golden Rule should interest students and scholars working in religious studies, philosophy and ethics, and psychology, as well as anyone looking for an alternative to postmodern cynicism and alienation.

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Петер Л. Бергер 1913-200 Moore Barrington 19940329d1993 M. Y0frey50 Ba 20070713d2007 M. Y0frey0103 Ba 20171023d2017 K. Y0frey50 Ba A. Campbell Garnett A. John Simmons A. Marciano A. Montefiore A. Peczenik A. Peperzak A. Phillips Griffiths A. Sen A.C. Grayling A.E. Taylor A.J. Ayer A.K. Rogers A.R.C. Duncan A.W. Moore A.W. Musschenga Aaron Ben-Ze'ev Aaron Garrett Aaron Quinn Aaron Zimmerman Aaronette M. White Abdul Fadl Mohsin Ebrahim Abdulaziz Sachedina Abraham J. Twerski MD Abrol Fairweather Adam Ferguson Adam Morton Adam Smith Adam Thierer Adam Zachary Newton Adolf Wuttke Adrian Beard Adrian Henriques Adrian Thatcher Adrian Walsh Agusti Cerrillo Aisha Lemu Ajay Kumar Al-Rahman.Abd al-Salam, Samiyah Abd Aladdin M. Yaqub Alain Badiou Alan A. Block Alan Cruse Alan D. Schrift Alan Goldman Alan H. Goldman Alan Jean Nelson Alan L. Mittleman Alan Lawton Alan Marzilli Alan Millar Alan Rosenthal Alan Thomas Alan Wolfe Alasdair C. MacIntyre Alasdair MacIntyre Albert Borgmann Albert Leffingwell Albert Pike Albert R. Jonsen Albert Schweitzer Alberto Corsin Jimenez Albino Barrera Aldert Vrij Aleister Crowley Alejo Jose G. Sison Aleksi Kuokkanen Alessandro Ferrara Alessandro Giovannelli Alex Byrne Alex J. Bellamy Alex Miller Alex Pattakos Alexander Bain Alexander Broadie Alexander Grant Alexander Lucie-Smith Alexander McCall Smith Alexander Moseley Alexander Rosenberg Alexander Skutch Alfred Allan Alfred Bellebaum Alfred R. Mele Alfreda Dudley Ali Rattansi alice crary Aline H. Kalbian Alison Adam Alison Assiter Alison Hills Alison M. Jaggar Alison Stone Alistair Edwards Allan Edward Barsky Allan Gibbard Allen Buchanan Allen E. Buchanan Allen Verhey Allen W. Wood Almut Beringer Aloysius Martinich Alvin Goldman Alvin I. Goldman Alvin Plantinga Amanda Russell Beattie Amartya Sen Amber Esping Amelie Rorty Amihud Gilead Amina Memon Ammar Rayes Amos Tversky Amy DeRogatis Amyn B. Sajoo Ana Marta Gonzâalez Ana S. Iltis Ana Smith Iltis Anandi Hattiangadi Anatol Rapoport and Medicine Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences Research Andreas Føllesdal Andreas Follesdal Andrew Bernstein Andrew Collier andrew dole Andrew Fisher Andrew G. Fiala Andrew Gibson Andrew I. Cohen Andrew Petersen Andrew Sneddon Andrews Reath Andy Miah Angelo Mazzocco Angus Dawson Angus Ritchie Anita M. Superson Anitta Kynsilehto Ann Farrell Ann Lathrop Ann Marie Mealey Anna Akasoy Anna Alexandrova Anna L. Peterson Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka Anne Campbell Anne Innis Dagg Anne J. Davis Anne Maclean Anne Margaret Baxley Anne Rowe Anne Thomson Anne W. Rowthorn Anne-Maree Farrell Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter Annette Baier Annette Barnes Annie Wood Besant Anscombe Anthony Ashley Cooper of Shaftesbury Anthony Bash Anthony Dyson Anthony Giddens Anthony Kenny Anthony O'Hear Anthony Weston DIMOCK Antonia Macaro Antonio S. Cua Ao Rorty Ara Paul Barsam Archibald B.D. Alexander Arda Denkel Ariel Colonomos Aristotelian Society Aristotle Arne Johan Vetlesen Arne Næss Arne Naess Arnold Geulincx Arnold Goldberg Arthur Brooks Arthur Glyn Leonard Arthur Isak Applbaum Arthur S.M. Lim Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur W. Galston Arthur W.H. Adkins Arto Laitinen Asbjorn Gronstad Ash William Ashley Ward Ashly Pinnington Asveld Aubrey Neal Aurora Plomer Austin Sarat Avicenna Avishai Margalit Axel Honneth Ayman Shihadeh B. Andrew Lustig B. Bosanquet B. Judd B.A. Lustig Bailey Baird Banks McDowell Baqari, Ahmad Mahir Barbara Herman Barbara Katz Rothman Barbara Killinger Ph.d Barbro Björkman Barrow Barry Emslie Barry Maher Barry Monk Barry Schwartz Bartha Maria Knoppers Basil Mitchell Bebhinn Donnelly Beirne Ann Ben A. Rich Ben Mepham Benda Hofmeyr Benedetto Croce Benedict de Spinoza Benedict Smith Benedictus de Spinoza Benjamin Franks Benjamin R. Tilghman Benjamin Rand Bernard Arthur Owen Williams Bernard Berofsky Bernard Bolzano Bernard Bosanquet Bernard E. 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Misak C.W. Welch Cahn Carl B. Klockars Carl Ginet Carl Knight Carl Mitcham Carl Thoresen Carl Wellman Carlo Natali Carlos J. Moya Carlos Moya Carlos R. Cordourier Real Carol Bly Carol Gilligan Carol Isaacson Barash Carol Mann Simpson Carol Rovane Carol Simpson Carol W. Lewis Carol W. Voeller Caroline Whitbeck Carroll Carsten Fink Cary Nelson Castaneda, Hector-Neri Cathal J. Nolan Catherine Chalier Catherine Claire Larson Catherine Russell Catherine Seville Catherine Wilson Catriona McKinnon Cecily A. Raiborn Celia Deane-Drummond Cento G. Veljanovski Chaim Gans Charlene P.E. Burns Charles Byrns Fleddermann Charles C. Hinkley Charles E. Curran Charles E. Larmore Charles Foster Charles Frederick D'Arcy Charles Fried Charles H. Patterson Charles Keith Maisels Charles Kimball Charles L. Griswold Charles L. Stevenson Charles Landesman Charles Larmore Charles Leslie Stevenson Charles R. Beitz Charles R. Pigden Charles Selengut Charles T. 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