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Preference, Belief, And Similarity

by Amos Tversky

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Subject: Cognitive Psychology, Decision Making, Judgment,

Amos Tversky (1937–1996), a towering figure in cognitive and mathematical psychology, devoted his professional life to the study of similarity, judgment, and decision making. He had a unique ability to master the technicalities of normative ideals and then to intuit and demonstrate experimentally their systematic violation due to the vagaries and consequences of human information processing. He created new areas of study and helped transform disciplines as varied as economics, law, medicine, political science, philosophy, and statistics.This book collects forty of Tversky’s articles, selected by him in collaboration with the editor during the last months of Tversky’s life. It is divided into three sections: Similarity, Judgment, and Preferences. The Preferences section is subdivided into Probabilistic Models of Choice, Choice under Risk and Uncertainty, and Contingent Preferences. Included are several articles written with his frequent collaborator, Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman.

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Taking morality seriously

by David Enoch

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Subject: Normativity (Ethics), Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General,

In Taking Morality Seriously: A Defense of Robust Realism David Enoch develops, argues for, and defends a strongly realist and objectivist view of ethics and normativity more broadly. This view–according to which there are perfectly objective, universal, moral and other normative truths that are not in any way reducible to other, natural truths–is familiar, but this book is the first in-detail development of the positive motivations for the view into reasonably precise arguments. And when the book turns defensive–defending Robust Realism against traditional objections–it mobilizes the original positive arguments for the view to help with fending off the objections.The main underlying motivation for Robust Realism developed in the book is that no other metaethical view can vindicate our taking morality seriously. The positive arguments developed here–the argument from the deliberative indispensability of normative truths, and the argument from the moral implications of metaethical objectivity (or its absence)–are thus arguments for Robust Realism that are sensitive to the underlying, pre-theoretical motivations for the view.

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ETHICS A pluralistic APPROACH TO MORAL THEORY

by Lawrence M. Hinman

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / General, Pluralism,

This text not only provides an introduction to the main traditions in ethical thought–such as virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology–but also offers a conceptual framework of ethical pluralism for understanding the relationship among these various theories. This new edition has been significantly affected by the events of September 11, 2001.

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KANT’S GROUNDWORK OF THE METAPHYSICS OF MORALS

by Sally Sedgwick

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Subject: Ethics, Kant, Immanuel, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern, Philosophy / Metaphysics,

Immanuel Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals of 1785 is one of the most profound and important works in the history of practical philosophy. In this introduction to the Groundwork, Sally Sedgwick provides a guide to Kant’s text that follows the course of his discussion virtually paragraph by paragraph. Her aim is to convey Kant’s ideas and arguments as clearly and simply as possible, without getting lost in scholarly controversies. Her introductory chapter offers a useful overview of Kant’s general approach to practical philosophy, and she also explores and clarifies some of the main assumptions which Kant relies on in his Groundwork but defends in his Critique of Pure Reason. The book will be a valuable guide for all who are interested in Kant’s practical philosophy.

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