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بایگانی‌های 2079 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Fear of Knowledge

by Paul A. Boghossian

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Subject: Constructivism (Philosophy), Knowledge, Theory Of, Objectivity,

Relativist and constructivist conceptions of truth and knowledge have become orthodoxy in vast stretches of the academic world in recent times. In his long-awaited first book, Paul Boghossian critically examines such views and exposes their fundamental flaws. Boghossian focuses on three different ways of reading the claim that knowledge is socially constructed–one as a thesis about truth and two about justification. And he rejects all three. The intuitive, common-sense view is that there is a way the world is that is independent of human opinion; and that we are capable of arriving at beliefs about how it is that are objectively reasonable, binding on anyone capable of appreciating the relevant evidence regardless of their social or cultural perspective. Difficult as these notions may be, it is a mistake to think that philosophy has uncovered powerful reasons for rejecting them. This short, lucid, witty book shows that philosophy provides rock-solid support for common sense against the relativists. It will prove provocative reading throughout the discipline and beyond.

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On Ethics And Economics

by Professor Amartya Sen

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Subject: Business & Economics,

In this elegant critique, Amartya Sen argues that welfare economics can be enriched by paying more explicit attention to ethics, and that modern ethical studies can also benefit from a closer contact with economies. He argues further that even predictive and descriptive economics can be helped by making more room for welfare-economic considerations in the explanation of behaviour.

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Believing by faith

by John Bishop

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Subject: Christian Ethics, Faith And Reason, Philosophical Theology, Reformed Epistemology,

Can it be justifiable to commit oneself ‘by faith’ to a religious claim when its truth lacks adequate support from one’s total available evidence? In Believing by Faith, John Bishop defends a version of fideism inspired by William James’s 1896 lecture ‘The Will to Believe’. By critiquing both ‘isolationist’ (Wittgensteinian) and Reformed epistemologies of religious belief, Bishop argues that anyone who accepts that our publicly available evidence is equally open to theistic and naturalist/atheistic interpretations will need to defend a modest fideist position. This modest fideism understands theistic commitment as involving ‘doxastic venture’ – practical commitment to propositions held to be true through ‘passional’ causes (causes other than the recognition of evidence of or for their truth). While Bishop argues that concern about the justifiability of religious doxastic venture is ultimately moral concern, he accepts that faith-ventures can be morally justifiable only if they are in accord with the proper exercise of our rational epistemic capacities. Legitimate faith-ventures may thus never be counter-evidential, and, furthermore, may be made supra-evidentially only when the truth of the faith-proposition concerned necessarily cannot be settled on the basis of evidence. Bishop extends this Jamesian account by requiring that justifiable faith-ventures should also be morally acceptable both in motivation and content. Hard-line evidentialists, however, insist that all religious faith-ventures are morally wrong. Bishop thus conducts an extended debate between fideists and hard-line evidentialists, arguing that neither side can succeed in establishing the irrationality of its opposition. He concludes by suggesting that fideism may nevertheless be morally preferable, as a less dogmatic, more self-accepting, even a more loving, position than its evidentialist rival.

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Noble in Reason, Infinite in Faculty: Themes and Variations in Kant’s Moral and Religious Philosophy (International Library of Philosophy)

by A.W. Moore

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Subject: Ethics, Free Will And Determinism, Religion / Philosophy,

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