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بایگانی‌های 1520 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Thick and Thin

by Professor Michael Walzer

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Subject: Democracy, Distributive Justice, International Relations - Moral And Ethical Aspects, Pluralism (Social Sciences),

When Michael Walzer’s Spheres of Justice was published ten years ago, the front page of The New York Times Book Review hailed the work as “an imaginative alternative to the current debate over distributive justice.” Now in Thick and Thin, Walzer revises and extends his arguments in Spheres of Justice, framing his ideas about justice, social criticism, and national identity in light of the new political world that has arisen in the past decade. Walzer focuses on two different but interrelated kinds of moral argument: maximalist and minimalist, thick and thin, local and universal.

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Wittgenstein At His Word

by Robert J. Fogelin

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Subject: Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Logic, Philosophy / Methodology, Rules (Philosophy),

Taking Wittgenstein at His Word is an experiment in reading organized around a central question: What kind of interpretation of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy emerges if we adhere strictly to his claims that he is not in the business of presenting and defending philosophical theses and that his only aim is to expose persistent conceptual misunderstandings that lead to deep philosophical perplexities? Robert Fogelin draws out the therapeutic aspects of Wittgenstein’s later work by closely examining his account of rule-following and how he applies the idea in the philosophy of mathematics.The first of the book’s two parts focuses on rule-following, Wittgenstein’s “paradox of interpretation,” and his naturalistic response to this paradox, all of which are persistent and crucial features of his later philosophy. Fogelin offers a corrective to the frequent misunderstanding that the paradox of interpretation is a paradox about meaning, and he emphasizes the importance of Wittgenstein’s often undervalued appeals to natural responses. The second half of the book examines how Wittgenstein applies his reflections on rule-following to the status of mathematical propositions, proofs, and objects, leading to remarkable, demystifying results.Taking Wittgenstein at His Word shows that what Wittgenstein claims to be doing and what he actually does are much closer than is often recognized. In doing so, the book underscores fundamental–but frequently underappreciated–insights about Wittgenstein’s later philosophy.

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The Cambridge Companion To Habermas

by Stephen K. White

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Subject: Electronic Books, Habermas, J'urgen, Philosophy / History & Surveys / General, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern,

Jurgen Habermas is unquestionably one of the foremost philosophers writing today. His notions of communicative action and rationality have exerted a profound influence within philosophy and the social sciences. This volume examines the historical and intellectual contexts out of which Habermas’ work emerged, and offers an overview of his main ideas, including those in his most recent publication. Amongst the topics discussed are his relationship to the Frankfurt School of critical theory and Marx, his unique contributions to the philosophy of the social sciences, the concept of ‘communicative ethics’, and the critique of post-modernism. New readers and non-specialists will find this the most convenient, accessible guide to Habermas currently available. Advanced students will find a conspectus of recent developments in the interpretation of Habermas.

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Existentialist Thinkers and Ethics

by Christine Daigle

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Subject: Existential Ethics, Existentialism, Existentialism In Literature, Existentialisme,

Twentieth-century existential thinkers, critical of traditional, overly rationalistic approaches to ethics, sought to provide a better account of what it means to be human in the world. They articulated ethical views that respected the individual yet were fundamentally concerned with the Other and the ethical value of an authentic life. Their philosophy has often been dismissed as unsuccessful.Through examination of the thought of eight key figures in existentialism – Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Arendt, Camus, Sartre, Beauvoir, and Merleau-Ponty – this collection demonstrates that such dismissals are unfounded. Contributors tackle the difficulties raised by an existentialist ethics and show how each thinker successfully elaborated an ethics that provides a viable alternative to traditional ethical views.

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The ethics of embryo adoption and the Catholic tradition

by Sarah Vaughan Brakman

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Subject: Adoption, Adoption - Religious Aspects - Catholic Church, Christian Ethics/ Catholic Authors, Frozen Human Embryos,

At last, a comprehensive collection of essays that examines and advances ethical evaluations of the controversial and increasingly popular practice of embryo adoption. In the United States alone, 400,000 frozen embryos created for in vitro fertilization exist but are no longer desired for that purpose. What are we morally obliged or permitted to do about these “spare” embryos? More of their genetic parents are considering donating these embryos to others to gestate and raise. This practice is politically volatile (figuring in debates about embryonic stem cells) and medically and morally complex. At the present time within the Roman Catholic Church there is no official teaching on embryo adoption. Catholic ethical analyses grapple with the way embryo adoption comports with respect for embryonic human life yet challenges Catholic moral critiques of assisted reproductive technologies. This volume is the first to bring together leading philosophers and theologians to engage Catholic debates about embryo adoption in an interactive format. The editors, a philosopher bioethicist and a moral theologian, provide a helpful overview of the practice and the arguments surrounding embryo adoption. They engage neglected Catholic ethical resources and issues to advance the current debate and chart new directions in Catholic moral thinking about this intriguing practice. The volume also includes a description of embryo adoption from a physician practitioner along with reflections from a couple who successfully adopted an embryo.

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