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بایگانی‌های 1268 - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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A Companion To Contemporary Political Philosophy: 2 Volume Set (Blackwell Companions To Philosophy)

by Philip Pettit

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Subject: Philosophy / Political, Political Science, Political Science - Philosophy, Political Science / General,

This new edition of A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy has been extended significantly to include 55 chapters across two volumes written by some of today’s most distinguished scholars.New contributors include some of today’s most distinguished scholars, among them Thomas Pogge, Charles Beitz, and Michael Doyle Provides in-depth coverage of contemporary philosophical debate in all major related disciplines, such as economics, history, law, political science, international relations and sociology Presents analysis of key political ideologies, including new chapters on Cosmopolitanism and FundamentalismIncludes detailed discussions of major concepts in political philosophy, including virtue, power, human rights, and just war

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Toleration

by Catriona McKinnon

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Subject: Philosophy / Political, Political Science / General, Social Science / Discrimination & Race Relations, Toleration,

Why should we be tolerant? What does it mean to “live and let live”? What ought to be tolerated and what not? Toleration: A Critical Introductionis a comprehensive and accessible philosophical introduction to toleration. The first part of the book clearly and coherently introduces and assesses the major theoretical accounts of toleration, examining toleration in light of challenges from skepticism, value pluralism and reasonableness. Catriona McKinnon also draws from those philosophers whose theories are central to toleration, from Locke and Mill to Rawls. In the second part of the book, McKinnon applies the theories of toleration to urgent contemporary problems such as female circumcision, the French headscarves affair, artistic freedom, pornography and censorship, and holocaust denial. Toleration: ACritical Introductionprovides a solid theoretical base to those who value toleration, whilst considering the challenges toleration faces in practice. It provides anideal starting point for those coming to the topic for the first time, and anyone interested in the challenges facing toleration today.

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Moral Skepticisms

by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

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Subject: Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Metaphysics,

Sinnott-Armstrong here provides an extensive survey of the difficult subject of moral beliefs. He covers theories that grapple with questions of morality such as naturalism, normativism, intuitionism, and coherentism. He then defends his own theory that he calls “moderate moral skepticism,” which is that moral beliefs can be justified, but not extremely justified.

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Moral judgment and decision making

by Daniel M. Bartels

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Subject: Decision Making, Learning, Psychology Of, Motivation (Psychology), Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy,

This volume presents a variety of perspectives from within and outside moral psychology. Recently there has been an explosion of research in moral psychology, but it is one of the subfields most in need of bridge-building, both within and across areas. Interests in moral phenomena have spawned several separate lines of research that appear to address similar concerns from a variety of perspectives. The contributions to this volume examine key theoretical and empirical issues these perspectives share that connect these issues with the broader base of theory and research in social and cognitive psychology. The first two chapters discuss the role of mental representation in moral judgment and reasoning. Sloman, Fernbach, and Ewing argue that causal models are the canonical representational medium underlying moral reasoning, and Mikhail offers an account that makes use of linguistic structures and implicates legal concepts. Bilz and Nadler follow with a discussion of the ways in which laws, which are typically construed in terms of affecting behavior, exert an influence on moral attitudes, cognition, and emotions. Baron and Ritov follow with a discussion of how people’s moral cognition is often driven by law-like rules that forbid actions and suggest that value-driven judgment is relatively less concerned by the consequences of those actions than some normative standards would prescribe. Iliev et al. argue that moral cognition makes use of both rules and consequences, and review a number of laboratory studies that suggest that values influence what captures our attention, and that attention is a powerful determinant of judgment and preference. Ginges follows with a discussion of how these value-related processes influence cognition and behavior outside the laboratory, in high-stakes, real-world conflicts. Two subsequent chapters discuss further building blocks of moral cognition. Lapsley and Narvaez discuss the development of moral characters in children, and Reyna and Casillas offer a memory-based account of moral reasoning, backed up by developmental evidence. Their theoretical framework is also very relevant to the phenomena discussed in the Sloman et al., Baron and Ritov, and Iliev et al. chapters. The final three chapters are centrally focused on the interplay of hot and cold cognition. They examine the relationship between recent empirical findings in moral psychology and accounts that rely on concepts and distinctions borrowed from normative ethics and decision theory. Connolly and Hardman focus on bridge-building between contemporary discussions in the judgment and decision making and moral judgment literatures, offering several useful methodological and theoretical critiques. Ditto, Pizarro, and Tannenbaum argue that some forms of moral judgment that appear objective and absolute on the surface are, at bottom, more about motivated reasoning in service of some desired conclusion. Finally, Bauman and Skitka argue that moral relevance is in the eye of the perceiver and emphasize an empirical approach to identifying whether people perceive a given judgment as moral or non-moral. They describe a number of behavioral implications of people’s reported perception that a judgment or choice is a moral one, and in doing so, they suggest that the way in which researchers carve out the moral domain a priori might be dubious.

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