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بایگانی‌های Peter J. Gomes - خانه اخلاق پژوهان جوان
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Double standards in medical research in developing countries

by Ruth Macklin

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Subject: Medical,

This book examines the ethical controversies that have surrounded the design and conduct of international medical research sponsored by industrialized countries or industry, and carried out in developing countries. The chief concern is that research subjects in developing countries may be exploited because sponsors of research employ double standards. One debate focuses on whether the standard of care provided to subjects of medical research in developing countries should be the same as what research subjects receive in North America and Europe. Other concerns are whether the process of obtaining informed consent in developing countries is adequate, and whether prior ethical review of research meets standards that are well established in the industrialized world. Recent international developments show that essential medications can be made affordable and accessible to developing countries, and that double standards need not prevail.

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Intricate Ethics

by F.M. Kamm

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Subject: Consequentialism (Ethics), Ethics, Responsibility,

“Reading F.M. Kamm’s latest book is like watching a brilliant astronomer map an uncharted galaxy–the meticulousness and the display of mental stamina must inspire awe. There is a kind of beauty in the performance alone. Intricate Ethics is a major event in normative ethical theory by a living master of the subject…. In the end, professional moral philosophers cannot reasonably ignore Intricate Ethics…. Kamm continues to prove herself the most imaginative, detail-oriented deontologist writing in English today… Professor Kamm is in a class by herself.”–Jeffrey Brand-Ballard, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews “The operative word in this masterful work is ‘intricate.’ Watching Kamm’s mind dissect and reconstruct different cases is like watching a juggler, riding a unicycle, carrying on a conversation, while getting dressed. It is a glorious celebration of what moral philosophy does best, and what one of its most gifted practitioners can do to enlighten our understanding of the most pressing ethical issues of our time. But it is also a rich playground for empirically minded philosophers and psychologists who want to play with the clever class of dilemmas that Kamm has created, dilemmas that will both amuse and torture generations of people.”–Marc Hauser is a Harvard College Professor and author of “Moral Minds” “Frances Kamm once again proves herself to be an astonishingly subtle and creative defender of a deontological outlook. Anyone at all interested in normative ethics will find something of value in Intricate Ethics. There are striking and original views on a wide range of topics. And no one–absolutely no one–compares to Kamm when it comes to constructing relevant test cases and carefully assessing our intuitive reactions to them. This is a master at work, at the height of her powers.”–Shelly Kagan, Clark Professor of Philosophy, Yale University “Intricate Ethics fully justifies its title. It is as deep, subtle, imaginative, and analytically rigorous as any work in moral philosophy written in a great many years. It is dense with highly original and fertile ideas supported by powerful and ingenious arguments. This book amply confirms Frances Kamm’s standing as one of the greatest living philosophers.–Jeff McMahan, Rutgers University “Kamm’s virtuosity in hypothesizing cases in defense or refutation of moral principles remains unsurpassed. Intricate Ethics is also a testament to the fruitfulness of this rarefied method of ethics. One might have thought that, having already devoted several hundred path-breaking pages to the topic of nonconsequentialism in her earlier two-volume Morality, Mortality, it would have been impossible to break much new ground in this sequel. Yet what Kamm has to say here on the topics of harming and saving from harm is as novel, arresting, and insightful as ever.”–Michael Otsuka, Professor of Philosophy, University College London “Kamm …is the most sophisticated of the contemporary exponents of “intuitionist” or “nonconsequentialist” ethics…No one else makes such extraordinarily meticulous and penetrating attempts to extract the principles behind our ordinary moral intuitions…I highly recommend it as an inclusive and subtle attempt to work out nonconsequentialism on an intuitionist basis. As a bonus, Intricate Ethics also offers searching analyses of the work of Peter Unger, Peter Singer, Bernard Gert, T.M. Scanlon, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky.”–Ingmar Persson, Times Literary Supplement

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Ethical Principles for Social Policy

by John Howie

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Subject: Ethics, Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Social Ethics,

The second volume in applied ethics based on the distinguished Wayne Leys Memorial Lectureship Series. With guidelines from legal reasoning, Michael D. Bayles examines “Moral Theory and Application.” Abraham Edel questions “Ethics Applied Or Conduct Enlightened?” The late Warner A. Wick shows in “The Good Person and the Good Society: Some Ideals Foolish and Otherwise” that devotion to ideals need not be either fanaticism or foolishness. John Lachs contends that many public gains are purchased at the cost of individuals being manipulated in “Public Benefit, Private Costs.” James E. Childress in “Gift of Life…” considers ethical issues in obtaining and distributing human organs. Carl Wellman in “Terrorism and Moral Rights” argues that there can be no “rights-based justification” for anti-abortion terrorism.

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Global Health and Global Health Ethics

by Solomon Benatar

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Subject: Healthcare Disparities, International Cooperation, Public Health - Ethics, Public Health - Moral And Ethical Aspects,

“What can be done about the poor state of global health? How are global health challenges intimately linked to the global political economy and to issues of social justice? What are our responsibilities and how can we improve global health? Global Healthand Global Health Ethics addresses these questions from the perspective of a range of disciplines, including medicine, philosophy and the social sciences. Topics covered range from infectious diseases, climate change and the environment to trade, foreignaid, food security and biotechnology. Each chapter identifies the ways in which we exacerbate poor global health and discusses what we should do to remedy the factors identified. Together, they contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges we face, and propose new national and global policies. Offering a wealth of empirical data and both practical and theoretical guidance, this is a key resource for bioethicists, public health practitioners and philosophers”–Provided by publisher.

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Wittgenstein At His Word

by Robert J. Fogelin

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Subject: Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Logic, Philosophy / Methodology, Rules (Philosophy),

Taking Wittgenstein at His Word is an experiment in reading organized around a central question: What kind of interpretation of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy emerges if we adhere strictly to his claims that he is not in the business of presenting and defending philosophical theses and that his only aim is to expose persistent conceptual misunderstandings that lead to deep philosophical perplexities? Robert Fogelin draws out the therapeutic aspects of Wittgenstein’s later work by closely examining his account of rule-following and how he applies the idea in the philosophy of mathematics.The first of the book’s two parts focuses on rule-following, Wittgenstein’s “paradox of interpretation,” and his naturalistic response to this paradox, all of which are persistent and crucial features of his later philosophy. Fogelin offers a corrective to the frequent misunderstanding that the paradox of interpretation is a paradox about meaning, and he emphasizes the importance of Wittgenstein’s often undervalued appeals to natural responses. The second half of the book examines how Wittgenstein applies his reflections on rule-following to the status of mathematical propositions, proofs, and objects, leading to remarkable, demystifying results.Taking Wittgenstein at His Word shows that what Wittgenstein claims to be doing and what he actually does are much closer than is often recognized. In doing so, the book underscores fundamental–but frequently underappreciated–insights about Wittgenstein’s later philosophy.

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